CVE-2026-98625

Status: ReceivedUnscored—

Severity—Unscored

Exploitation probability0.21 %higher than 11% of CVEs

Active exploitationNonot in the CISA catalog

Public exploitNot knownno public code found

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: flowtable: publish HW_DEAD after worker is done

flow_offload_work_del() sets NF_FLOW_HW_DEAD before the work handler clears NF_FLOW_HW_PENDING. Once a flow is both HW_DYING and HW_DEAD, a concurrent garbage collection pass can remove it and schedule it for RCU freeing.

The offload worker holds neither an RCU read lock nor a reference to the flow. If it is preempted after publishing HW_DEAD, the RCU callback can free the flow before the worker resumes and clears HW_PENDING, resulting in a use-after-free.

Move HW_DEAD publication to the common worker epilogue after the pending bit is cleared, making it the final flow access by destroy work. Order all preceding flow accesses before publishing the bit that allows garbage collection to free the object.

CVSS

NVD hasn't assigned a CVSS score to this CVE (common since the April 2026 policy change).

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.21 %
Percentile among all scored CVEs: 11
Score date: 10/20/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.

Linux — Linux Kernel^AI

References

Show 8 references

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2026-98625",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {},
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2c8897953f3b2ff5498f3f275708a742bfcdbc24",
              "lessThan": "f92e8f39726ba68a7c42c6b7566be687c8161579",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2c8897953f3b2ff5498f3f275708a742bfcdbc24",
              "lessThan": "00e452a7ca9fda135ea3d04a11128d5088e354a8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2c8897953f3b2ff5498f3f275708a742bfcdbc24",
              "lessThan": "56f39c7d139bb76072efe2fb3dcafc13ba915ad8",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
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              "lessThan": "e20701843032c438f879066a77ea85e361c6b999",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
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              "lessThan": "b4f0f05dfbe836a171bff261f17d098a4d5461ea",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2c8897953f3b2ff5498f3f275708a742bfcdbc24",
              "lessThan": "b0ef9450e93f2adeb77593db14c2ac7c6c8f5060",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
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              "lessThan": "d644b23afe1ef509c9961a6d84a093c2587edf02",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.7"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "5.7",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.271",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.222",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.189",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.158",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.112",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.55",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.2.9",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.3",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/nf_flow_table_offload.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2026-10-18T16:17:15.513",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00e452a7ca9fda135ea3d04a11128d5088e354a8",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/56f39c7d139bb76072efe2fb3dcafc13ba915ad8",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0ef9450e93f2adeb77593db14c2ac7c6c8f5060",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b4f0f05dfbe836a171bff261f17d098a4d5461ea",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d644b23afe1ef509c9961a6d84a093c2587edf02",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e20701843032c438f879066a77ea85e361c6b999",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f26652e99f519e6bd34f8a9b48fbb33c603585f2",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f92e8f39726ba68a7c42c6b7566be687c8161579",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Received",
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: flowtable: publish HW_DEAD after worker is done\n\nflow_offload_work_del() sets NF_FLOW_HW_DEAD before the work handler\nclears NF_FLOW_HW_PENDING. Once a flow is both HW_DYING and HW_DEAD, a\nconcurrent garbage collection pass can remove it and schedule it for RCU\nfreeing.\n\nThe offload worker holds neither an RCU read lock nor a reference to the\nflow. If it is preempted after publishing HW_DEAD, the RCU callback can\nfree the flow before the worker resumes and clears HW_PENDING, resulting\nin a use-after-free.\n\nMove HW_DEAD publication to the common worker epilogue after the pending\nbit is cleared, making it the final flow access by destroy work. Order all\npreceding flow accesses before publishing the bit that allows garbage\ncollection to free the object."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T10:19:26.700",
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}