CVE-2026-98377
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vlan: require the MAC header to be present in __vlan_insert_inner_tag()
__vlan_insert_inner_tag() only guarantees head room via skb_cow_head(), never that mac_len bytes of MAC header are present. Its ETH_HLEN wrappers - __vlan_insert_tag() under skb_vlan_push(), and vlan_insert_tag() under validate_xmit_vlan() on the generic transmit path - therefore rewrite the first 16 bytes at skb->data: a 12-byte memmove plus two 2-byte stores at +12 and +14. No caller supplies the bound, while the pop helpers use skb_ensure_writable()/pskb_may_pull().
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An IFF_TUN device has hard_header_len == 0, so packet_snd() accepts a one-byte AF_PACKET/SOCK_RAW frame. The first vlan push only sets a hwaccel tag; the next - clsact "action vlan push" or bpf_skb_vlan_push() - enters the helper with skb->len still 1. The head comes from skbuff_small_head without __GFP_ZERO, so each push drags bytes from beyond skb->tail into the frame. After three the one-byte send leaves as 13 bytes carrying 11 bytes of uninitialised slab:
Require the MAC header the helper rewrites to be present, so such a frame is dropped rather than transmitted.
Technical details traces, logs and code from the original report
0000: 5a b3 62 12 80 88 ff ff 00 b3 62 12 81
`------------------------------'
only 0x5a was sent; the rest is slab, here the top 56 bits of a
linear-map addressCVSS
NVD hasn't assigned a CVSS score to this CVE (common since the April 2026 policy change).
Exploitation probability (EPSS)
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.16%
- Percentile among all scored CVEs: 4
- Score date: 10/13/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
Affected technologies (1)
⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.
References
Raw JSON (NVD)
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{
"id": "CVE-2026-98377",
"cveTags": [],
"metrics": {},
"affected": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"affectedData": [
{
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"product": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
"lessThan": "40a5cc4b7251c74f3341332a226d02200e96bccf",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
"lessThan": "f42562dd027dc4ed103fae17b2206e73ea1963c4",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
"lessThan": "59af43ccece4d2d8b62e9e3ccc96b6e2e793bcdc",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
"lessThan": "ab888242fce4f16f6c4d4c6ec53939ad36aa3b3a",
"versionType": "git"
}
],
"programFiles": [
"include/linux/if_vlan.h"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected"
},
{
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"product": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.12"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "2.6.12",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.112",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.55",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.2.9",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.3-rc5",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*"
}
],
"programFiles": [
"include/linux/if_vlan.h"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected"
}
]
}
],
"published": "2026-10-09T08:16:56.010",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/40a5cc4b7251c74f3341332a226d02200e96bccf",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/59af43ccece4d2d8b62e9e3ccc96b6e2e793bcdc",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ab888242fce4f16f6c4d4c6ec53939ad36aa3b3a",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f42562dd027dc4ed103fae17b2206e73ea1963c4",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"vulnStatus": "Received",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvlan: require the MAC header to be present in __vlan_insert_inner_tag()\n\n__vlan_insert_inner_tag() only guarantees head room via skb_cow_head(),\nnever that mac_len bytes of MAC header are present. Its ETH_HLEN\nwrappers - __vlan_insert_tag() under skb_vlan_push(), and\nvlan_insert_tag() under validate_xmit_vlan() on the generic transmit\npath - therefore rewrite the first 16 bytes at skb->data: a 12-byte\nmemmove plus two 2-byte stores at +12 and +14. No caller supplies the\nbound, while the pop helpers use skb_ensure_writable()/pskb_may_pull().\n\nAn IFF_TUN device has hard_header_len == 0, so packet_snd() accepts a\none-byte AF_PACKET/SOCK_RAW frame. The first vlan push only sets a\nhwaccel tag; the next - clsact \"action vlan push\" or\nbpf_skb_vlan_push() - enters the helper with skb->len still 1. The\nhead comes from skbuff_small_head without __GFP_ZERO, so each push\ndrags bytes from beyond skb->tail into the frame. After three the\none-byte send leaves as 13 bytes carrying 11 bytes of uninitialised\nslab:\n\n 0000: 5a b3 62 12 80 88 ff ff 00 b3 62 12 81\n `------------------------------'\n only 0x5a was sent; the rest is slab, here the top 56 bits of a\n linear-map address\n\nRequire the MAC header the helper rewrites to be present, so such a\nframe is dropped rather than transmitted."
}
],
"lastModified": "2026-10-09T08:16:56.010",
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}