CVE-2026-87822
t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations.
CVSS
- Version: 4.0
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
- Base score: 8.7
Exploitation probability (EPSS)
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.67%
- Percentile among all scored CVEs: 50
- Score date: 10/6/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
🎯 ATT&CK techniques
How this vulnerability is exploited and what the attacker gains, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.
- Exploitation
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Applicationinitial access85 % - Primary impact
T1499.004Application or System Exploitationimpact80 %
Vulnerabilidad en deserialización de t-digest remoto (sin autenticación, red abierta) que permite inyectar datos maliciosos causando degradación de rendimiento O(n²) en operaciones de fusión, manifestándose como DoS de aplicación.
Inferred by our analysis agent from the official description, CVSS vector and CWE, and checked by a supervisor. May contain errors.
🛡️ ATT&CK mitigations that cover these techniques
Affected technologies (1)
⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.
CWEs
- CWE-407
References
- https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest
- https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/MergingDigest.java
- https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/blob/8d5c1523c3d46925e9b3979a8d63c0b9d004ed1c/core/src/main/java/com/tdunning/math/stats/Sort.java
- https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest/issues/229
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1-through-3.3-denial-of-service-via-nan-centroid-means-in-mergingdigest-frombytes
Raw JSON (NVD)
Show
{
"id": "CVE-2026-87822",
"cveTags": [],
"metrics": {
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
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"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
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},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-09-10T14:22:28.894428Z"
}
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"cvssMetricV31": [
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"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE"
},
"impactScore": 3.6,
"exploitabilityScore": 3.9
}
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"cvssMetricV40": [
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"cvssData": {
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"version": "4.0",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
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"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
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"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED"
}
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"affected": [
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"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"affectedData": [
{
"repo": "https://github.com/tdunning/t-digest",
"vendor": "tdunning",
"product": "t-digest",
"versions": [
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"version": "3.1",
"versionType": "custom",
"lessThanOrEqual": "3.3"
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"packageURL": "pkg:maven/com.tdunning/t-digest",
"collectionURL": "https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/tdunning/t-digest/",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected"
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"published": "2026-09-09T15:17:27.427",
"references": [
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"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
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{
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/t-digest-3.1-through-3.3-denial-of-service-via-nan-centroid-means-in-mergingdigest-frombytes",
"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
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"vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
"weaknesses": [
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"source": "disclosure@vulncheck.com",
"description": [
{
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"value": "CWE-407"
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "t-digest versions 3.1 through 3.3 fail to validate centroid means during deserialization in MergingDigest.fromBytes, allowing attackers to inject NaN values that bypass validation checks. Attackers can craft malicious serialized digests containing NaN centroids that degrade sorting performance from O(n log n) to O(n squared), causing severe processing delays during merge operations."
}
],
"lastModified": "2026-09-10T15:17:54.100",
"sourceIdentifier": "disclosure@vulncheck.com"
}