CVE-2026-54451
Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1.
CVSS
- Versión: 4.0
- Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
- Puntuación base: 8.2
Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)
- Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.52%
- Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 42
- Fecha de la puntuación: 5/10/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).
🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK
Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.
- Explotación
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Applicationinitial access85 % - Impacto principal
T1499.004Application or System Exploitationimpact90 %
AV:N sin autenticación indica explotación remota de aplicación expuesta (T1190). El CWE-674 (recursión descontrolada) causa DoS por agotamiento de CPU/memoria (T1499.004), citado explícitamente en 'exhaust the node'.
Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.
🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas
Tecnologías afectadas (1)
⚠ Inferidas por IA a partir de la descripción — NVD aún no ha analizado esta CVE; no son CPE verificados.
CWE
- CWE-674
Referencias
- https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc
- https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338
- https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/releases/tag/v0.16.1
- https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg
- https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg
JSON original (NVD)
Mostrar
{
"id": "CVE-2026-54451",
"cveTags": [],
"metrics": {
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2026-54451",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"automatable": "yes"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2026-09-21T21:03:29.889055Z"
}
}
],
"cvssMetricV40": [
{
"type": "Secondary",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"cvssData": {
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"version": "4.0",
"Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
"baseScore": 8.2,
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
"modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED"
}
}
]
},
"affected": [
{
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"affectedData": [
{
"vendor": "elixir-protobuf",
"product": "protobuf",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": ">= 0.8.0, < 0.16.1"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"published": "2026-09-17T19:16:50.360",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/352d1769a0ef575a8d18c3f9620609efdb73e2bc",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/commit/b8efa97790eece3d2d0e8e7c31a45ed409fe5338",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/releases/tag/v0.16.1",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com"
},
{
"url": "https://github.com/elixir-protobuf/protobuf/security/advisories/GHSA-rv48-qqj5-crxg",
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
}
],
"vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
"weaknesses": [
{
"type": "Secondary",
"source": "security-advisories@github.com",
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-674"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Elixir protobuf is a pure Elixir implementation of Google Protobuf. From 0.8.0 until 0.16.1, services that decode attacker-controlled protobuf bytes with Protobuf.Decoder can be taken offline when the schema contains a self-referential or cyclic message type. In lib/protobuf/decoder.ex, Protobuf.Decoder.value_for_field/3 handles an embedded?: true field by recursively entering the decode / build_message / handle_value / value_for_field call chain without enforcing a nesting-depth limit. Deeply nested embedded fields retain non-tail recursive frames, allowing a comparatively small request to consume substantial CPU and memory, pin a BEAM scheduler, and exhaust the node. This issue is fixed in version 0.16.1."
}
],
"lastModified": "2026-09-24T21:16:28.120",
"sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com"
}