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CVE-2026-5445

Status: AnalyzedCritical (9.1)—

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the `DecodeLookupTable` function within `DicomImageDecoder.cpp`. The lookup-table decoding logic used for `PALETTE COLOR` images does not validate pixel indices against the lookup table size. Crafted images containing indices larger than the palette size cause the decoder to read beyond allocated lookup table memory and expose heap contents in the output image.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

🎯 ATT&CK techniques

How this vulnerability is exploited and what the attacker gains, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

Vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N indica red sin privilegios ni interacción (T1190). CWE-125 (out-of-bounds read) en DecodeLookupTable expone heap contents, permitiendo lectura de datos de memoria (T1005).

Inferred by our analysis agent from the official description, CVSS vector and CWE, and checked by a supervisor. May contain errors.

🛡️ ATT&CK mitigations that cover these techniques

Vulnerability ScanningPrivileged Account ManagementNetwork SegmentationLimit Access to Resource Over NetworkFilter Network TrafficApplication Isolation and Sandboxing

Affected technologies (1)

Orthanc-server — Orthanc

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2026-5445",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-5445",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
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              "automatable": "yes"
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            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
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          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2026-04-14T15:08:58.289132Z"
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          "baseScore": 9.1,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "cret@cert.org",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "Orthanc",
          "product": "DICOM Server",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.12.10"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2026-04-09T15:16:16.863",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/536588",
      "tags": [
        "Third Party Advisory",
        "VDB Entry"
      ],
      "source": "cret@cert.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.machinespirits.de/",
      "tags": [
        "Not Applicable"
      ],
      "source": "cret@cert.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.orthanc-server.com/",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "source": "cret@cert.org"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-125"
        }
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    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "An out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists in the `DecodeLookupTable` function within `DicomImageDecoder.cpp`. The lookup-table decoding logic used for `PALETTE COLOR` images does not validate pixel indices against the lookup table size. Crafted images containing indices larger than the palette size cause the decoder to read beyond allocated lookup table memory and expose heap contents in the output image."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:59:02.473",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:orthanc-server:orthanc:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "A259075D-8B77-4B04-BC42-3E5ABE9DFE1F",
              "versionEndExcluding": "1.12.11"
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          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cret@cert.org"
}