CVE-2026-43009
Estado: ModificadaAlta (7.8)—
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
bpf: Fix incorrect pruning due to atomic fetch precision tracking
When backtrack_insn encounters a BPF_STX instruction with BPF_ATOMIC and BPF_FETCH, the src register (or r0 for BPF_CMPXCHG) also acts as a destination, thus receiving the old value from the memory location.
The current backtracking logic does not account for this. It treats atomic fetch operations the same as regular stores where the src register is only an input. This leads the backtrack_insn to fail to propagate precision to the stack location, which is then not marked as precise!
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Later, the verifier's path pruning can incorrectly consider two states equivalent when they differ in terms of stack state. Meaning, two branches can be treated as equivalent and thus get pruned when they should not be seen as such.
Fix it as follows: Extend the BPF_LDX handling in backtrack_insn to also cover atomic fetch operations via is_atomic_fetch_insn() helper. When the fetch dst register is being tracked for precision, clear it, and propagate precision over to the stack slot. For non-stack memory, the precision walk stops at the atomic instruction, same as regular BPF_LDX. This covers all fetch variants.
Before:
After:
Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original
0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0 5: (0f) r3 += r2 mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 2: (b7) r2 = 0 6: R2=8 R3=fp8 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0 7: (95) exit 0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0 5: (0f) r3 += r2 mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 2: (b7) r2 = 0 mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 mark_precise: frame0: regs=r1 stack= before 0: (b7) r1 = 8 6: R2=8 R3=fp8 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0 7: (95) exit
CVSS
- Versión: 3.1
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Puntuación base: 7.8
Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)
- Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.17%
- Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 6
- Fecha de la puntuación: 5/10/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).
🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK
Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.
- Explotación
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalationprivilege escalation85 % - Impacto principal
T1499.004Application or System Exploitationimpact75 %
Vulnerabilidad local (AV:L/PR:L) en el kernel que permite Denial of Service mediante incorrect path pruning en el BPF verifier, causando comportamiento no esperado.
Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.
🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas
Tecnologías afectadas (1)
CWE
- NVD-CWE-noinfo
Referencias
JSON original (NVD)
Mostrar
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"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbpf: Fix incorrect pruning due to atomic fetch precision tracking\n\nWhen backtrack_insn encounters a BPF_STX instruction with BPF_ATOMIC\nand BPF_FETCH, the src register (or r0 for BPF_CMPXCHG) also acts as\na destination, thus receiving the old value from the memory location.\n\nThe current backtracking logic does not account for this. It treats\natomic fetch operations the same as regular stores where the src\nregister is only an input. This leads the backtrack_insn to fail to\npropagate precision to the stack location, which is then not marked\nas precise!\n\nLater, the verifier's path pruning can incorrectly consider two states\nequivalent when they differ in terms of stack state. Meaning, two\nbranches can be treated as equivalent and thus get pruned when they\nshould not be seen as such.\n\nFix it as follows: Extend the BPF_LDX handling in backtrack_insn to\nalso cover atomic fetch operations via is_atomic_fetch_insn() helper.\nWhen the fetch dst register is being tracked for precision, clear it,\nand propagate precision over to the stack slot. For non-stack memory,\nthe precision walk stops at the atomic instruction, same as regular\nBPF_LDX. This covers all fetch variants.\n\nBefore:\n\n 0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8\n 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8\n 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0\n 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm\n 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0\n 5: (0f) r3 += r2\n mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2)\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 2: (b7) r2 = 0\n 6: R2=8 R3=fp8\n 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0\n 7: (95) exit\n\nAfter:\n\n 0: (b7) r1 = 8 ; R1=8\n 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1 ; R1=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=8\n 2: (b7) r2 = 0 ; R2=0\n 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2) ; R2=8 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm\n 4: (bf) r3 = r10 ; R3=fp0 R10=fp0\n 5: (0f) r3 += r2\n mark_precise: frame0: last_idx 5 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 4: (bf) r3 = r10\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r2 stack= before 3: (db) r2 = atomic64_fetch_add((u64 *)(r10 -8), r2)\n mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 2: (b7) r2 = 0\n mark_precise: frame0: regs= stack=-8 before 1: (7b) *(u64 *)(r10 -8) = r1\n mark_precise: frame0: regs=r1 stack= before 0: (b7) r1 = 8\n 6: R2=8 R3=fp8\n 6: (b7) r0 = 0 ; R0=0\n 7: (95) exit"
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