CVE-2026-41523

Estado: ModificadaAlta (7.5)—
vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0.
CVSS

Versión: 3.1
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Puntuación base: 7.5
Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.91%
Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 59
Fecha de la puntuación: 6/10/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).
🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.
ExplotaciónT1203 Exploitation for Client Executionexecution85 %
Impacto principalT1059 Command and Scripting Interpreterexecution85 %
Requiere interacción del usuario (UI:R) para cargar modelo HuggingFace preparado; permite ejecución de código arbitrario en servidor vLLM mediante verificación débil con assert en modo optimizado.
Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.
🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Restrict Web-Based Content Privileged Account Management Limit Software Installation Execution Prevention Behavior Prevention on Endpoint Disable or Remove Feature or Program
Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Vllm — Vllm
CWE

CWE-94, CWE-617
CWE-617
Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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  "published": "2026-06-22T23:16:30.200",
  "references": [
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      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59151",
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  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-94"
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          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-617"
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    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "vLLM is an inference and serving engine for large language models (LLMs). Prior to 0.22.0, an assert-based security check in vLLM's activation function loading allows any unauthenticated attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution on the server by publishing a malicious HuggingFace model, when vLLM runs in Python optimized mode (python -O or PYTHONOPTIMIZE=1). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.22.0."
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      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
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              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:vllm:vllm:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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}