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CVE-2025-54465

Estado: AplazadaMedia (6.8)—

This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

⚠ Inferidas por IA a partir de la descripción — NVD aún no ha analizado esta CVE; no son CPE verificados.

Zkteco — Wl20AI

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar
{
  "id": "CVE-2025-54465",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-54465",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-13T13:09:37.206727Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in",
        "cvssData": {
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "version": "4.0",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 6.8,
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "ZKTeco Co",
          "product": "WL20 Biometric Attendance System",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-08-13T12:15:26.767",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172",
      "source": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20",
      "source": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-798"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Esta vulnerabilidad existe en ZKTeco WL20 debido a credenciales y endpoints MQTT codificados de forma rígida, almacenados en texto plano dentro del firmware del dispositivo. Un atacante con acceso físico podría explotar esta vulnerabilidad extrayendo el firmware y analizando los datos binarios para recuperar las credenciales y endpoints MQTT codificados de forma rígida del dispositivo objetivo. Si se explota esta vulnerabilidad, el atacante podría obtener acceso no autorizado al bróker MQTT y manipular las comunicaciones del dispositivo objetivo."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:40:08.993",
  "sourceIdentifier": "vdisclose@cert-in.org.in"
}