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CVE-2025-51726

Estado: AplazadaAlta (8.4)—

CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe (Windows installer) is signed using the weak cryptographic hash algorithm SHA-1, which is vulnerable to collision attacks. This allows a malicious actor to craft a fake installer with a forged SHA-1 certificate that may still be accepted by Windows signature verification mechanisms, particularly on systems without strict SmartScreen or trust policy enforcement. Additionally, the installer lacks High Entropy Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), as confirmed by BinSkim (BA2015 rule) and repeated WinDbg analysis.

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The binary consistently loads into predictable memory ranges, increasing the success rate of memory corruption exploits. These two misconfigurations, when combined, significantly lower the bar for successful supply-chain style attacks or privilege escalation through fake installers.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

Installer manipulado con SHA-1 débil y sin ASLR permite falsificación de certificado y evasión de verificación; cadena de suministro comprometida (T1195) que facilita escalada de privilegios (T1068) y ejecución de código (T1059).

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Limit Software InstallationExecution PreventionUpdate SoftwareApplication Developer GuidanceVulnerability ScanningUser Account Management

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

⚠ Inferidas por IA a partir de la descripción — NVD aún no ha analizado esta CVE; no son CPE verificados.

Cyberghost — CyberghostvpnAI

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2025-51726",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-51726",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-05T13:39:33.472334Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.4,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.5
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "product": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-08-04T21:15:30.653",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/meisterlos/CVE",
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/meisterlos/CVE-2025-51726",
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-327"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe (Windows installer) is signed using the weak cryptographic hash algorithm SHA-1, which is vulnerable to collision attacks. This allows a malicious actor to craft a fake installer with a forged SHA-1 certificate that may still be accepted by Windows signature verification mechanisms, particularly on systems without strict SmartScreen or trust policy enforcement. Additionally, the installer lacks High Entropy Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR), as confirmed by BinSkim (BA2015 rule) and repeated WinDbg analysis. The binary consistently loads into predictable memory ranges, increasing the success rate of memory corruption exploits. These two misconfigurations, when combined, significantly lower the bar for successful supply-chain style attacks or privilege escalation through fake installers."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "CyberGhostVPNSetup.exe (instalador de Windows) está firmado con el débil algoritmo hash criptográfico SHA-1, vulnerable a ataques de colisión. Esto permite a un atacante manipular un instalador falso con un certificado SHA-1 falsificado que aún podría ser aceptado por los mecanismos de verificación de firmas de Windows, especialmente en sistemas sin una aplicación estricta de SmartScreen o políticas de confianza. Además, el instalador carece de Aleatorización de Diseño de Espacio de Direcciones de Alta Entropía (ASLR), como lo confirman BinSkim (regla BA2015) y repetidos análisis de WinDbg. El archivo binario se carga constantemente en rangos de memoria predecibles, lo que aumenta la tasa de éxito de los exploits de corrupción de memoria. Estas dos configuraciones erróneas, al combinarse, reducen significativamente el éxito de los ataques de cadena de suministro o la escalada de privilegios mediante instaladores falsos."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:35:47.010",
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org"
}