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CVE-2025-4412

Estado: AplazadaMedia (4.8)—

On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.

This issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

⚠ Inferidas por IA a partir de la descripción — NVD aún no ha analizado esta CVE; no son CPE verificados.

Sparklabs — ViscosityAI

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar
{
  "id": "CVE-2025-4412",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-4412",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-05-27T13:06:00.721990Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV40": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "cvd@cert.pl",
        "cvssData": {
          "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "version": "4.0",
          "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "baseScore": 4.8,
          "Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
          "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "attackRequirements": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
          "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
          "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "LOW",
          "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED",
          "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "cvd@cert.pl",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "SparkLabs",
          "product": "Viscosity",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.11.4"
            }
          ],
          "platforms": [
            "MacOS"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-27T10:15:19.383",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/05/tcc-bypass/",
      "source": "cvd@cert.pl"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/",
      "source": "cvd@cert.pl"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "cvd@cert.pl",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-276"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "On macOS systems, by utilizing a Launch Agent and loading the viscosity_openvpn process from the application bundle, it is possible to load a dynamic library with Viscosity's TCC (Transparency, Consent, and Control) identity. The acquired resource access is limited without entitlements such as access to the camera or microphone. Only user-granted permissions for file resources apply. Access to other resources beyond granted-permissions requires user interaction with a system prompt asking for permission.\n\nThis issue was fixed in version 1.11.5 of Viscosity."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En sistemas macOS, al utilizar un agente de lanzamiento y cargar el proceso dosage_openvpn desde el paquete de la aplicación, es posible cargar una librería dinámica con la identidad TCC (Transparencia, Consentimiento y Control) de Viscosity. El acceso a los recursos adquiridos está limitado, sin permisos como el acceso a la cámara o al micrófono. Solo se aplican los permisos otorgados por el usuario para los recursos de archivo. El acceso a otros recursos, además de los permisos otorgados, requiere la interacción del usuario con un mensaje del sistema solicitando permiso. Este problema se solucionó en la versión 1.11.5 de Viscosity."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:33:12.127",
  "sourceIdentifier": "cvd@cert.pl"
}