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CVE-2025-41251

Status: DeferredHigh (8.1)—

VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.

Impact: Username enumeration → credential brute force risk. Attack Vector: Remote, unauthenticated. Severity: Important. CVSSv3: 8.1 (High).

Acknowledgments: Reported by the National Security Agency.

Affected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x

NSX-T 3.x VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x

Fixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287). Workarounds: None.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

🎯 ATT&CK techniques

How this vulnerability is exploited and what the attacker gains, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

Vulnerabilidad remota sin autenticación (AV:N/PR:N) en NSX permite enumeración de usuarios válidos (CWE-640: weak password recovery) facilitando ataques de fuerza bruta contra credenciales.

Inferred by our analysis agent from the official description, CVSS vector and CWE, and checked by a supervisor. May contain errors.

🛡️ ATT&CK mitigations that cover these techniques

Update SoftwareVulnerability ScanningPrivileged Account ManagementPassword PoliciesNetwork SegmentationMulti-factor Authentication

Affected technologies (3)

⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.

Vmware — Cloud FoundationAIVmware — NSXAIVmware — Nsx-tAI

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

Show
{
  "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-41251",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-09-30T03:55:13.799400Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "security@vmware.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.1,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.2
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "security@vmware.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "vmware",
          "product": "NSX",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware NSX - 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware NSX-T - 3.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "VMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) - 5.x, 4.5.x",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "VMware NSX 9.0.1.0; 4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287)",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-09-29T19:15:35.157",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/36150",
      "source": "security@vmware.com"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "security@vmware.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-640"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. An unauthenticated malicious actor may exploit this to enumerate valid usernames, potentially enabling brute-force attacks.\n\nImpact: Username enumeration → credential brute force risk.\nAttack Vector: Remote, unauthenticated.\nSeverity: Important.\nCVSSv3: 8.1 (High).\n\nAcknowledgments: Reported by the National Security Agency.\n\nAffected Products:VMware NSX 9.x.x.x, 4.2.x, 4.1.x, 4.0.x\n\nNSX-T 3.x\nVMware Cloud Foundation (with NSX) 5.x, 4.5.x\n\nFixed Versions: NSX 9.0.1.0;  4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 http://4.2.2.2/4.2.3.1 ; 4.1.2.7; NSX-T 3.2.4.3; CCF async patch (KB88287).\nWorkarounds: None."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:22:40.500",
  "sourceIdentifier": "security@vmware.com"
}