CVE-2025-38150

Status: ModifiedMedium (5.5)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

af_packet: move notifier's packet_dev_mc out of rcu critical section

Syzkaller reports the following issue:

Calling `PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` on an ops-locked device can trigger the `NETDEV_UNREGISTER` notifier, which may require disabling promiscuous and/or allmulti mode. Both of these operations require acquiring the netdev instance lock.

Move the call to `packet_dev_mc` outside of the RCU critical section. The `mclist` modifications (add, del, flush, unregister) are protected by the RTNL, not the RCU. The RCU only protects the `sklist` and its associated `sks`. The delayed operation on the `mclist` entry remains within the RTNL.

Technical details traces, logs and code from the original report

 BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/mutex.c:578
 __mutex_lock+0x106/0xe80 kernel/locking/mutex.c:746
 team_change_rx_flags+0x38/0x220 drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1781
 dev_change_rx_flags net/core/dev.c:9145 [inline]
 __dev_set_promiscuity+0x3f8/0x590 net/core/dev.c:9189
 netif_set_promiscuity+0x50/0xe0 net/core/dev.c:9201
 dev_set_promiscuity+0x126/0x260 net/core/dev_api.c:286 packet_dev_mc net/packet/af_packet.c:3698 [inline]
 packet_dev_mclist_delete net/packet/af_packet.c:3722 [inline]
 packet_notifier+0x292/0xa60 net/packet/af_packet.c:4247
 notifier_call_chain+0x1b3/0x3e0 kernel/notifier.c:85
 call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:2214 [inline]
 call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:2228 [inline]
 unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x15d8/0x2330 net/core/dev.c:11972
 rtnl_delete_link net/core/rtnetlink.c:3522 [inline]
 rtnl_dellink+0x488/0x710 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3564
 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x7cf/0xb70 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6955
 netlink_rcv_skb+0x219/0x490 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2534

CVSS

Version: 3.1
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Base score: 5.5

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.12%
Percentile among all scored CVEs: 2
Score date: 10/6/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

Linux — Linux Kernel

CWEs

CWE-667

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

Show

{
  "id": "CVE-2025-38150",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE"
        },
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ad7c7b2172c388818a111455643491d75f535e90",
              "lessThan": "2dd4781c5af99415ebbd2f7cc763feb109863c05",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ad7c7b2172c388818a111455643491d75f535e90",
              "lessThan": "d8d85ef0a631df9127f202e6371bb33a0b589952",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/packet/af_packet.c",
            "net/packet/internal.h"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "6.15"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "6.15",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.15.3",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.15.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.16",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "net/packet/af_packet.c",
            "net/packet/internal.h"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-07-03T09:15:29.960",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2dd4781c5af99415ebbd2f7cc763feb109863c05",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8d85ef0a631df9127f202e6371bb33a0b589952",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-667"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\naf_packet: move notifier's packet_dev_mc out of rcu critical section\n\nSyzkaller reports the following issue:\n\n BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at kernel/locking/mutex.c:578\n __mutex_lock+0x106/0xe80 kernel/locking/mutex.c:746\n team_change_rx_flags+0x38/0x220 drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1781\n dev_change_rx_flags net/core/dev.c:9145 [inline]\n __dev_set_promiscuity+0x3f8/0x590 net/core/dev.c:9189\n netif_set_promiscuity+0x50/0xe0 net/core/dev.c:9201\n dev_set_promiscuity+0x126/0x260 net/core/dev_api.c:286 packet_dev_mc net/packet/af_packet.c:3698 [inline]\n packet_dev_mclist_delete net/packet/af_packet.c:3722 [inline]\n packet_notifier+0x292/0xa60 net/packet/af_packet.c:4247\n notifier_call_chain+0x1b3/0x3e0 kernel/notifier.c:85\n call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:2214 [inline]\n call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:2228 [inline]\n unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x15d8/0x2330 net/core/dev.c:11972\n rtnl_delete_link net/core/rtnetlink.c:3522 [inline]\n rtnl_dellink+0x488/0x710 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3564\n rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x7cf/0xb70 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6955\n netlink_rcv_skb+0x219/0x490 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2534\n\nCalling `PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` on an ops-locked device can trigger\nthe `NETDEV_UNREGISTER` notifier, which may require disabling promiscuous\nand/or allmulti mode. Both of these operations require acquiring\nthe netdev instance lock.\n\nMove the call to `packet_dev_mc` outside of the RCU critical section.\nThe `mclist` modifications (add, del, flush, unregister) are protected by\nthe RTNL, not the RCU. The RCU only protects the `sklist` and its\nassociated `sks`. The delayed operation on the `mclist` entry remains\nwithin the RTNL."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: af_packet: mover packet_dev_mc del notificador fuera de la sección crítica de rcu Syzkaller informa el siguiente problema: ERROR: función inactiva llamada desde un contexto no válido en kernel/locking/mutex.c:578 __mutex_lock+0x106/0xe80 kernel/locking/mutex.c:746 team_change_rx_flags+0x38/0x220 drivers/net/team/team_core.c:1781 dev_change_rx_flags net/core/dev.c:9145 [inline] __dev_set_promiscuity+0x3f8/0x590 net/core/dev.c:9189 netif_set_promiscuity+0x50/0xe0 net/core/dev.c:9201 dev_set_promiscuity+0x126/0x260 net/core/dev_api.c:286 packet_dev_mc net/packet/af_packet.c:3698 [inline] packet_dev_mclist_delete net/packet/af_packet.c:3722 [inline] packet_notifier+0x292/0xa60 net/packet/af_packet.c:4247 notifier_call_chain+0x1b3/0x3e0 kernel/notifier.c:85 call_netdevice_notifiers_extack net/core/dev.c:2214 [inline] call_netdevice_notifiers net/core/dev.c:2228 [inline] unregister_netdevice_many_notify+0x15d8/0x2330 net/core/dev.c:11972 rtnl_delete_link net/core/rtnetlink.c:3522 [inline] rtnl_dellink+0x488/0x710 net/core/rtnetlink.c:3564 rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x7cf/0xb70 net/core/rtnetlink.c:6955 netlink_rcv_skb+0x219/0x490 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2534 Llamar a `PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP` en un dispositivo con bloqueo de operaciones puede activar el notificador `NETDEV_UNREGISTER`, lo que puede requerir la desactivación del modo promiscuo o multimodo. Ambas operaciones requieren adquirir el bloqueo de la instancia netdev. Mueva la llamada a `packet_dev_mc` fuera de la sección crítica de RCU. Las modificaciones de `mclist` (añadir, eliminar, vaciar, anular registro) están protegidas por el RTNL, no por la RCU. La RCU solo protege `sklist` y sus `sks` asociados. La operación retardada en la entrada `mclist` permanece dentro del RTNL."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-07-30T06:22:55.480",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "658B94DB-A94A-4588-94DD-614A72725C45",
              "versionEndExcluding": "6.15.3",
              "versionStartIncluding": "6.15"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}