CVE-2025-31191
Status: ModifiedMedium (5.5)—
This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.4, watchOS 11.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
CVSS
- Version: 3.1
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
- Base score: 5.5
Exploitation probability (EPSS)
- Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.46%
- Percentile among all scored CVEs: 38
- Score date: 10/5/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).
Affected technologies (4)
CWEs
- CWE-200
References
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122371
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122376
- https://support.apple.com/en-us/122377
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/11
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/13
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/4
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8
- http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9
- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/01/analyzing-cve-2025-31191-a-macos-security-scoped-bookmarks-based-sandbox-escape/
Raw JSON (NVD)
Show
{
"id": "CVE-2025-31191",
"cveTags": [],
"metrics": {
"ssvcV203": [
{
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"ssvcData": {
"id": "CVE-2025-31191",
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"options": [
{
"exploitation": "none"
},
{
"automatable": "no"
},
{
"technicalImpact": "partial"
}
],
"version": "2.0.3",
"timestamp": "2025-04-01T04:16:29.373173Z"
}
}
],
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"type": "Secondary",
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"cvssData": {
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"version": "3.1",
"baseScore": 5.5,
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"integrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
},
"impactScore": 3.6,
"exploitabilityScore": 1.8
}
]
},
"affected": [
{
"source": "product-security@apple.com",
"affectedData": [
{
"vendor": "Apple",
"product": "iOS and iPadOS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "18.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"vendor": "Apple",
"product": "macOS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "13.7.5",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "14.7.5",
"versionType": "custom"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "15.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"vendor": "Apple",
"product": "tvOS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "18.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
},
{
"vendor": "Apple",
"product": "watchOS",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "11.4",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"published": "2025-03-31T23:15:29.130",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122371",
"tags": [
"Release Notes",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122373",
"tags": [
"Release Notes",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122374",
"tags": [
"Release Notes",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122375",
"tags": [
"Release Notes",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122376",
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122377",
"tags": [
"Release Notes",
"Vendor Advisory"
],
"source": "product-security@apple.com"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/10",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/11",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/13",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/4",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/8",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/9",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
},
{
"url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/01/analyzing-cve-2025-31191-a-macos-security-scoped-bookmarks-based-sandbox-escape/",
"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
}
],
"vulnStatus": "Modified",
"weaknesses": [
{
"type": "Secondary",
"source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-200"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4 and iPadOS 18.4, macOS Sequoia 15.4, macOS Sonoma 14.7.5, macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.4, watchOS 11.4. An app may be able to access sensitive user data."
},
{
"lang": "es",
"value": "Este problema se solucionó mejorando la gestión del estado. Está corregido en macOS Ventura 13.7.5, tvOS 18.4, iOS 18.4 y iPadOS 18.4, macOS Sequoia 15.4 y macOS Sonoma 14.7.5. Una aplicación podría acceder a datos confidenciales del usuario."
}
],
"lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:09:59.427",
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "6B3450F7-7B4A-46CE-A6E0-BBE6569F2EBF",
"versionEndExcluding": "18.4"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:iphone_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "0D9C73F9-FEF4-4FC1-B83D-56566AD35990",
"versionEndExcluding": "18.4"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "345CC17A-CCA4-4B82-A645-A5226A8DAEBB",
"versionEndExcluding": "13.7.5"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "D05DCA25-A1A0-4AEA-9F31-952803114EE2",
"versionEndExcluding": "14.7.5",
"versionStartIncluding": "14.0"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "1320B815-0457-4276-83B9-AFAFDAF17EDA",
"versionEndExcluding": "15.4",
"versionStartIncluding": "15.0"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:apple:tvos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "8C61CCC2-87D3-4A3A-837B-63C48299A7AD",
"versionEndExcluding": "18.4"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "product-security@apple.com"
}