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CVE-2025-27920

Estado: AnalizadaAlta (8.8)⚠ Explotación activa

Output Messenger before 2.0.63 was vulnerable to a directory traversal attack through improper file path handling. By using ../ sequences in parameters, attackers could access sensitive files outside the intended directory, potentially leading to configuration leakage or arbitrary file access.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

CISA KEV — explotada activamente

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

Acceso remoto autenticado (PR:L, AV:N) a servicio vulnerable Output Messenger mediante directory traversal (CWE-24) permitiendo lectura de archivos sensibles y configuración fuera del directorio previsto.

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Vulnerability ScanningUser TrainingThreat Intelligence ProgramRestrict File and Directory PermissionsPrivileged Account ManagementPassword Policies

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Srimax — Output Messenger

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2025-27920",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-27920",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "active"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-08-26T19:30:34.595940Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "cve@mitre.org",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.2,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW"
        },
        "impactScore": 2.7,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "Srimax",
          "product": "Output Messenger",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "2.0.63",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-05T16:15:50.857",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://www.outputmessenger.com/cve-2025-27920/",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.srimax.com/products-2/output-messenger/",
      "tags": [
        "Product"
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-27920",
      "tags": [
        "US Government Resource"
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/12/marbled-dust-leverages-zero-day-in-output-messenger-for-regional-espionage/",
      "tags": [
        "Mitigation",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-24"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Output Messenger before 2.0.63 was vulnerable to a directory traversal attack through improper file path handling. By using ../ sequences in parameters, attackers could access sensitive files outside the intended directory, potentially leading to configuration leakage or arbitrary file access."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Output Messenger, antes de la versión 2.0.63, era vulnerable a un ataque de salto de directorio debido a la gestión incorrecta de las rutas de archivo. Al usar secuencias ../ en los parámetros, los atacantes podían acceder a archivos confidenciales fuera del directorio previsto, lo que podía provocar fugas de configuración o acceso arbitrario a archivos."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:04:23.737",
  "cisaActionDue": "2025-06-09",
  "cisaExploitAdd": "2025-05-19",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:srimax:output_messenger:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "A3F0B13C-91AE-4C97-A674-451972BF2C4D",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2.0.63"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org",
  "cisaRequiredAction": "Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.",
  "cisaVulnerabilityName": "Srimax Output Messenger Directory Traversal Vulnerability"
}