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CVE-2025-22035

Estado: ModificadaAlta (7.8)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching

Kairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during ftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a 'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(), and executing the following script:

The root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags within print_trace_line during each s_show():

Tracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues to use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script above is print_graph_function_flags.

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Moreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the 'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the 'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set it to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()' to use an invalid 'iter->private'.

To fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after freeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer is not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary 'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and irqsoff tracers.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231112150030.84609-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/

Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original
  $ echo function_graph > current_tracer
  $ cat trace > /dev/null &
  $ sleep 5  # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point
  $ echo timerlat > current_tracer

  * One through 'iter->trace->print_line()';
  * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in
    print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

CWE-416 (use-after-free) en kernel Linux con acceso local (AV:L/PR:L) permite ejecutar código con privilegios elevados tras liberar memoria sin nulificar el puntero.

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Execution PreventionThreat Intelligence ProgramRestrict Web-Based ContentPrivileged Account ManagementLimit Software InstallationBehavior Prevention on Endpoint

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Linux — Linux Kernel

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix use-after-free in print_graph_function_flags during tracer switching\n\nKairui reported a UAF issue in print_graph_function_flags() during\nftrace stress testing [1]. This issue can be reproduced if puting a\n'mdelay(10)' after 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' in s_start(),\nand executing the following script:\n\n  $ echo function_graph > current_tracer\n  $ cat trace > /dev/null &\n  $ sleep 5  # Ensure the 'cat' reaches the 'mdelay(10)' point\n  $ echo timerlat > current_tracer\n\nThe root cause lies in the two calls to print_graph_function_flags\nwithin print_trace_line during each s_show():\n\n  * One through 'iter->trace->print_line()';\n  * Another through 'event->funcs->trace()', which is hidden in\n    print_trace_fmt() before print_trace_line returns.\n\nTracer switching only updates the former, while the latter continues\nto use the print_line function of the old tracer, which in the script\nabove is print_graph_function_flags.\n\nMoreover, when switching from the 'function_graph' tracer to the\n'timerlat' tracer, s_start only calls graph_trace_close of the\n'function_graph' tracer to free 'iter->private', but does not set\nit to NULL. This provides an opportunity for 'event->funcs->trace()'\nto use an invalid 'iter->private'.\n\nTo fix this issue, set 'iter->private' to NULL immediately after\nfreeing it in graph_trace_close(), ensuring that an invalid pointer\nis not passed to other tracers. Additionally, clean up the unnecessary\n'iter->private = NULL' during each 'cat trace' when using wakeup and\nirqsoff tracers.\n\n [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231112150030.84609-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/"
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      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: tracing: Fix use-after-free en print_graph_function_flags durante el cambio de tracer Kairui informó de un problema de UAF en print_graph_function_flags() durante las pruebas de estrés de ftrace [1]. Este problema se puede reproducir si se pone un 'mdelay(10)' después de 'mutex_unlock(&trace_types_lock)' en s_start() y se ejecuta el siguiente script: $ echo function_graph > current_tracer $ cat trace > /dev/null & $ sleep 5 # Asegurarse de que 'cat' alcance el punto 'mdelay(10)' $ echo timerlat > current_tracer La causa raíz se encuentra en las dos llamadas a print_graph_function_flags dentro de print_trace_line durante cada s_show(): * Una a través de 'iter->trace->print_line()'; * Otra función mediante 'event->funcs->trace()', que está oculta en print_trace_fmt() antes del retorno de print_trace_line. Al cambiar de trazador, solo se actualiza el primero, mientras que el segundo continúa usando la función print_line del trazador anterior, que en el script anterior es print_graph_function_flags. Además, al cambiar del trazador 'function_graph' al trazador 'timerlat', s_start solo llama a graph_trace_close del trazador 'function_graph' para liberar 'iter->private', pero no lo establece en NULL. Esto permite que 'event->funcs->trace()' use un 'iter->private' no válido. Para solucionar este problema, establezca 'iter->private' en NULL inmediatamente después de liberarlo en graph_trace_close(), lo que garantiza que no se pase un puntero no válido a otros trazadores. Además, limpie el 'iter->private = NULL' innecesario durante cada 'cat trace' al usar los trazadores wakeup e irqsoff. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20231112150030.84609-1-ryncsn@gmail.com/"
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