CVE-2025-21881

{
  "id": "CVE-2025-21881",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 5.5,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "NONE"
        },
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2b144498350860b6ee9dc57ff27a93ad488de5dc",
              "lessThan": "c4cb2bfa99513311886c1eb5c1c2ac26f3338a6e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2b144498350860b6ee9dc57ff27a93ad488de5dc",
              "lessThan": "0b6f19714588cf2366b0364234f97ba963688f63",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2b144498350860b6ee9dc57ff27a93ad488de5dc",
              "lessThan": "13cca2b73e2b0ec3ea6d6615d615395621d22752",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2b144498350860b6ee9dc57ff27a93ad488de5dc",
              "lessThan": "54011fc94422f094eaf47555284de70a4bc32bb9",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2b144498350860b6ee9dc57ff27a93ad488de5dc",
              "lessThan": "bddf10d26e6e5114e7415a0e442ec6f51a559468",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/events/uprobes.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.5"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "3.5",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.130",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.81",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.18",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.6",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "kernel/events/uprobes.c"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-03-27T15:15:56.000",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0b6f19714588cf2366b0364234f97ba963688f63",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/13cca2b73e2b0ec3ea6d6615d615395621d22752",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/54011fc94422f094eaf47555284de70a4bc32bb9",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bddf10d26e6e5114e7415a0e442ec6f51a559468",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c4cb2bfa99513311886c1eb5c1c2ac26f3338a6e",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00045.html",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nuprobes: Reject the shared zeropage in uprobe_write_opcode()\n\nWe triggered the following crash in syzkaller tests:\n\n  BUG: Bad page state in process syz.7.38  pfn:1eff3\n  page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1eff3\n  flags: 0x3fffff00004004(referenced|reserved|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)\n  raw: 003fffff00004004 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 0000000000000000\n  raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000fffffffe 0000000000000000\n  page dumped because: PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE flag(s) set\n  Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014\n  Call Trace:\n   <TASK>\n   dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50\n   bad_page+0x69/0xf0\n   free_unref_page_prepare+0x401/0x500\n   free_unref_page+0x6d/0x1b0\n   uprobe_write_opcode+0x460/0x8e0\n   install_breakpoint.part.0+0x51/0x80\n   register_for_each_vma+0x1d9/0x2b0\n   __uprobe_register+0x245/0x300\n   bpf_uprobe_multi_link_attach+0x29b/0x4f0\n   link_create+0x1e2/0x280\n   __sys_bpf+0x75f/0xac0\n   __x64_sys_bpf+0x1a/0x30\n   do_syscall_64+0x56/0x100\n   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2\n\n   BUG: Bad rss-counter state mm:00000000452453e0 type:MM_FILEPAGES val:-1\n\nThe following syzkaller test case can be used to reproduce:\n\n  r2 = creat(&(0x7f0000000000)='./file0\\x00', 0x8)\n  write$nbd(r2, &(0x7f0000000580)=ANY=[], 0x10)\n  r4 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &(0x7f0000000040)='./file0\\x00', 0x42, 0x0)\n  mmap$IORING_OFF_SQ_RING(&(0x7f0000ffd000/0x3000)=nil, 0x3000, 0x0, 0x12, r4, 0x0)\n  r5 = userfaultfd(0x80801)\n  ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r5, 0xc018aa3f, &(0x7f0000000040)={0xaa, 0x20})\n  r6 = userfaultfd(0x80801)\n  ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r6, 0xc018aa3f, &(0x7f0000000140))\n  ioctl$UFFDIO_REGISTER(r6, 0xc020aa00, &(0x7f0000000100)={{&(0x7f0000ffc000/0x4000)=nil, 0x4000}, 0x2})\n  ioctl$UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE(r5, 0xc020aa04, &(0x7f0000000000)={{&(0x7f0000ffd000/0x1000)=nil, 0x1000}})\n  r7 = bpf$PROG_LOAD(0x5, &(0x7f0000000140)={0x2, 0x3, &(0x7f0000000200)=ANY=[@ANYBLOB=\"1800000000120000000000000000000095\"], &(0x7f0000000000)='GPL\\x00', 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, '\\x00', 0x0, @fallback=0x30, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, @void, @value}, 0x94)\n  bpf$BPF_LINK_CREATE_XDP(0x1c, &(0x7f0000000040)={r7, 0x0, 0x30, 0x1e, @val=@uprobe_multi={&(0x7f0000000080)='./file0\\x00', &(0x7f0000000100)=[0x2], 0x0, 0x0, 0x1}}, 0x40)\n\nThe cause is that zero pfn is set to the PTE without increasing the RSS\ncount in mfill_atomic_pte_zeropage() and the refcount of zero folio does\nnot increase accordingly. Then, the operation on the same pfn is performed\nin uprobe_write_opcode()->__replace_page() to unconditional decrease the\nRSS count and old_folio's refcount.\n\nTherefore, two bugs are introduced:\n\n 1. The RSS count is incorrect, when process exit, the check_mm() report\n    error \"Bad rss-count\".\n\n 2. The reserved folio (zero folio) is freed when folio->refcount is zero,\n    then free_pages_prepare->free_page_is_bad() report error\n    \"Bad page state\".\n\nThere is more, the following warning could also theoretically be triggered:\n\n  __replace_page()\n    -> ...\n      -> folio_remove_rmap_pte()\n        -> VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(is_zero_folio(folio), folio)\n\nConsidering that uprobe hit on the zero folio is a very rare case, just\nreject zero old folio immediately after get_user_page_vma_remote().\n\n[ mingo: Cleaned up the changelog ]"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: uprobes: Rechazar la página cero compartida en uprobe_write_opcode() Activamos el siguiente fallo en las pruebas de syzkaller: ERROR: Estado de página incorrecto en el proceso syz.7.38 pfn:1eff3 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1eff3 flags: 0x3fffff00004004(referenced|reserved|node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x1fffff) raw: 003fffff00004004 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 ffffe6c6c07bfcc8 000000000000000 raw: 000000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000ffffffffe 0000000000000000 página volcada porque: PAGE_FLAGS_CHECK_AT_FREE indicador(es) establecido(s) Nombre del hardware: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 01/04/2014 Seguimiento de llamadas:  dump_stack_lvl+0x32/0x50 bad_page+0x69/0xf0 free_unref_page_prepare+0x401/0x500 free_unref_page+0x6d/0x1b0 uprobe_write_opcode+0x460/0x8e0 install_breakpoint.part.0+0x51/0x80 register_for_each_vma+0x1d9/0x2b0 __uprobe_register+0x245/0x300 bpf_uprobe_multi_link_attach+0x29b/0x4f0 link_create+0x1e2/0x280 __sys_bpf+0x75f/0xac0 __x64_sys_bpf+0x1a/0x30 do_syscall_64+0x56/0x100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0xe2 BUG: Bad rss-counter state mm:00000000452453e0 type:MM_FILEPAGES val:-1 The following syzkaller test case can be used to reproduce: r2 = creat(&amp;(0x7f0000000000)='./file0\\x00', 0x8) write$nbd(r2, &amp;(0x7f0000000580)=ANY=[], 0x10) r4 = openat(0xffffffffffffff9c, &amp;(0x7f0000000040)='./file0\\x00', 0x42, 0x0) mmap$IORING_OFF_SQ_RING(&amp;(0x7f0000ffd000/0x3000)=nil, 0x3000, 0x0, 0x12, r4, 0x0) r5 = userfaultfd(0x80801) ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r5, 0xc018aa3f, &amp;(0x7f0000000040)={0xaa, 0x20}) r6 = userfaultfd(0x80801) ioctl$UFFDIO_API(r6, 0xc018aa3f, &amp;(0x7f0000000140)) ioctl$UFFDIO_REGISTER(r6, 0xc020aa00, &amp;(0x7f0000000100)={{&amp;(0x7f0000ffc000/0x4000)=nil, 0x4000}, 0x2}) ioctl$UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE(r5, 0xc020aa04, &amp;(0x7f0000000000)={{&amp;(0x7f0000ffd000/0x1000)=nil, 0x1000}}) r7 = bpf$PROG_LOAD(0x5, &amp;(0x7f0000000140)={0x2, 0x3, &amp;(0x7f0000000200)=ANY=[@ANYBLOB=\"1800000000120000000000000000000095\"], &amp;(0x7f0000000000)='GPL\\x00', 0x7, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, '\\x00', 0x0, @fallback=0x30, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x10, 0x0, @void, @value}, 0x94) bpf$BPF_LINK_CREATE_XDP(0x1c, &amp;(0x7f0000000040)={r7, 0x0, 0x30, 0x1e, @val=@uprobe_multi={&amp;(0x7f0000000080)='./file0\\x00', &amp;(0x7f0000000100)=[0x2], 0x0, 0x0, 0x1}}, 0x40) La causa es que cero El pfn se establece en el PTE sin aumentar el recuento RSS en mfill_atomic_pte_zeropage() y el recuento de referencias del folio cero no aumenta en consecuencia. Luego, se realiza la misma operación en el pfn en uprobe_write_opcode()-&gt;__replace_page() para disminuir incondicionalmente el recuento RSS y el recuento de referencias de old_folio. Por lo tanto, se introducen dos errores: 1. El recuento RSS es incorrecto; al finalizar el proceso, check_mm() informa el error \"Bad RSS-count\" (recuento RSS incorrecto). 2. El folio reservado (folio cero) se libera cuando folio-&gt;refcount es cero; entonces, free_pages_prepare-&gt;free_page_is_bad() informa el error \"Bad page state\" (estado de página incorrecto). Hay más, la siguiente advertencia también podría activarse teóricamente: __replace_page() -&gt; ... -&gt; folio_remove_rmap_pte() -&gt; VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(is_zero_folio(folio), folio) Teniendo en cuenta que el impacto de uprobe en el folio cero es un caso muy raro, simplemente rechace el folio antiguo cero inmediatamente después de get_user_page_vma_remote(). [ mingo: Se limpió el registro de cambios ]"
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:44:31.293",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
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  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}