CVE-2025-21791

Estado: ModificadaAlta (7.8)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()

l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:

Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.

Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original

raw_sendmsg()
 ip_push_pending_frames()
  ip_send_skb()
   ip_local_out()
    __ip_local_out()
     l3mdev_ip_out()

CVSS

Versión: 3.1
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Puntuación base: 7.8

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.27%
Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 17
Fecha de la puntuación: 5/10/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

ExplotaciónT1068 Exploitation for Privilege Escalationprivilege escalation85 %
Impacto principalT1059 Command and Scripting Interpreterexecution75 %

Acceso local (AV:L) sin interacción del usuario; CWE-416 (use-after-free) en kernel permite escalada a código con privilegios root. UAF en l3mdev_l3_out() explotable para ejecución arbitraria.

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Execution Prevention Threat Intelligence Program Restrict Web-Based Content Privileged Account Management Limit Software Installation Behavior Prevention on Endpoint

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Linux — Linux Kernel

CWE

CWE-416
CWE-416

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar

{
  "id": "CVE-2025-21791",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-21791",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-02-27T17:57:16.236835Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      },
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539",
              "lessThan": "6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/l3mdev.h"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "product": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.9"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "4.9",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.4.291",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.4.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.235",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.179",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.129",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.79",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.16",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.13.4",
              "versionType": "semver",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.13.*"
            },
            {
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.14",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*"
            }
          ],
          "programFiles": [
            "include/net/l3mdev.h"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-02-27T03:15:19.970",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-416"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-416"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()\n\nl3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held:\n\nraw_sendmsg()\n ip_push_pending_frames()\n  ip_send_skb()\n   ip_local_out()\n    __ip_local_out()\n     l3mdev_ip_out()\n\nAdd rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid\na potential UAF."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: vrf: usar protección RCU en l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() se puede llamar sin que se retenga RCU: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Agregue el par rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() para evitar un posible UAF."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T08:44:17.250",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "E1C17A14-0DFF-4500-8A61-0B4CE1F404E5",
              "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.129",
              "versionStartIncluding": "4.9"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "B16AADE5-B2FD-4C14-B4E4-85E8EDAFE775",
              "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.79",
              "versionStartIncluding": "6.2"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "13C8DB18-FC60-425F-84E5-3EDDEC61B2FC",
              "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.16",
              "versionStartIncluding": "6.7"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "2A2093ED-74A9-43F9-AC72-50030F374EA4",
              "versionEndExcluding": "6.13.4",
              "versionStartIncluding": "6.13"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "186716B6-2B66-4BD0-852E-D48E71C0C85F"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.14:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "0D3E781C-403A-498F-9DA9-ECEE50F41E75"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}