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CVE-2025-13591

Status: Awaiting AnalysisMedium (5.3)—
Severity5.3Medium · CVSS 3.1
Exploitation probability0.22 %higher than 12% of CVEs
Active exploitationNonot in the CISA catalog
Public exploitNot knownno public code found

The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.

Successful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns.

CVSS

Base score
5.3
Version
3.1
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
0.22 %
Percentile among all scored CVEs
12
Score date
10/20/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

ATT&CK techniques

How this vulnerability is exploited and what the attacker gains, in MITRE ATT&CK terms.

El endpoint de autenticación responde distinto según exista o no el usuario (CWE-203), permitiendo enumerar cuentas válidas sin privilegios por red (AV:N/PR:N/UI:N).

Inferred by our analysis agent from the official description, CVSS vector and CWE, and checked by a supervisor. May contain errors.

ATT&CK mitigations that cover these techniques

Vulnerability ScanningUser Account ManagementPrivileged Account ManagementOperating System ConfigurationNetwork SegmentationLimit Access to Resource Over Network

Affected technologies (1)

⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.

Wso2 — Identity ServerAI

CWEs

References

Show 1 references

Raw JSON (NVD)

Show
{
  "id": "CVE-2025-13591",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 5.3,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "LOW"
        },
        "impactScore": 1.4,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "product": "WSO2 Identity Server",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "unknown",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "7.0.0",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.0.0",
              "lessThan": "7.0.0.134",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "7.1.0",
              "lessThan": "7.1.0.42",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        },
        {
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "product": "WSO2 Carbon Abstract OTP Authenticator",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.5",
              "lessThan": "1.0.5.3",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.10",
              "lessThan": "1.0.10.2",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.commons:org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.otp.core",
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "vendor": "WSO2",
          "product": "Email OTP Authenticator",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.18",
              "lessThan": "1.0.18.8",
              "versionType": "custom"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1.0.30",
              "lessThan": "1.0.30.5",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "packageName": "org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp:org.wso2.carbon.identity.local.auth.emailotp",
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2026-10-19T17:16:59.413",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2026/WSO2-2025-4583/",
      "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-203"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "The authentication endpoint of WSO2 Identity Server fails to provide a consistent system response when a username does not exist in the system, allowing attackers to differentiate between valid and invalid usernames. This difference in responses can be leveraged to enumerate existing user accounts.\n\nSuccessful exploitation enables an attacker to discover valid usernames within the system, significantly increasing the risk of subsequent attacks such as brute force attacks on user credentials, social engineering attacks, and information leakage. The discovered usernames can be used to craft targeted phishing emails or other social engineering campaigns."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-10-19T21:06:28.507",
  "sourceIdentifier": "ed10eef1-636d-4fbe-9993-6890dfa878f8"
}