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CVE-2025-10231

Status: AnalyzedHigh (7.8)—

An Incorrect File Handling Permission bug exists on the N-central Windows Agent and Probe that, in the right circumstances, can allow a local low-level user to run commands with elevated permissions.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

N-able — N-central

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2025-10231",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-10231",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-09-11T03:56:21.265177Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.8,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "N-able",
          "product": "N-central",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "lessThan": "2025.3",
              "versionType": "custom"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-09-10T14:15:35.717",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://documentation.n-able.com/N-central/Release_Notes/GA/Content/N-central_2025.3_Release_Notes.htm",
      "tags": [
        "Release Notes"
      ],
      "source": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://me.n-able.com/s/security-advisory/aArVy0000000jgHKAQ/cve202510231-incorrect-default-permissions-could-lead-to-privilege-escalation",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-276"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "An Incorrect File Handling Permission bug exists on the N-central Windows Agent and Probe that, in the right circumstances, can allow a local low-level user to run commands with elevated permissions."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Un fallo de permiso de manejo de archivos incorrecto existe en el Agente y la Sonda de N-central para Windows que, en las circunstancias adecuadas, puede permitir a un usuario local de bajo nivel ejecutar comandos con permisos elevados."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-09-26T00:10:00.127",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:n-able:n-central:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "AED459C5-7276-435D-8D24-0A9ABC0E6401",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2025.3"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "a5532a13-c4dd-4202-bef1-e0b8f2f8d12b"
}