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CVE-2024-28739

Status: AnalyzedHigh (7.2)—
Severity7.2High · CVSS 3.1
Exploitation probability19 %higher than 97% of CVEs
Active exploitationNonot in the CISA catalog
Public exploitNot knownno public code found

An issue in Koha ILS 23.05 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the format parameter.

CVSS

Base score
7.2
Version
3.1
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
19 %
Percentile among all scored CVEs
97
Score date
10/21/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

Koha — Koha

CWEs

References

Show 1 references

Raw JSON (NVD)

Show
{
  "id": "CVE-2024-28739",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2024-28739",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2024-08-06T20:53:58.370756Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
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          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.2
      },
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
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        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "CHANGED",
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          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
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          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
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          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
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      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "product": "n/a",
          "versions": [
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      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:koha:koha:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "vendor": "koha",
          "product": "koha",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "23.05"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2024-08-06T19:15:56.287",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://febin0x4e4a.wordpress.com/2024/03/07/xss-to-one-click-rce-in-koha-ils/",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-77"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "description": [
        {
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  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "An issue in Koha ILS 23.05 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted script to the format parameter."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Un problema en Koha ILS 23.05 y anteriores permite a un atacante remoto ejecutar código arbitrario a través de un script manipulado en el parámetro de formato."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:21:42.803",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:koha:koha:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "805198C0-742F-4F3E-90F3-C6C290795A5E",
              "versionEndIncluding": "23.05.00"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org"
}