‹ Back to list

CVE-2024-28185

Status: DeferredCritical (10)—Exploit
Severity10Critical · CVSS 3.1
Exploitation probability7.06 %higher than 94% of CVEs
Active exploitationNonot in the CISA catalog
Public exploitAvailableMetasploit module (reliable, widely available exploit)

Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a `run_script` to the sandbox directory. The security issue is that an attacker can create a symbolic link (symlink) at the path `run_script` before this code is executed, resulting in the `f.write` writing to an arbitrary file on the unsandboxed system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to overwrite scripts on the system and gain code execution outside of the sandbox.

CVSS

Base score
10
Version
3.1
Vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
7.06 %
Percentile among all scored CVEs
94
Score date
10/27/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Public exploits

Exploit code or detection templates are publicly available. This is not the same as confirmed active exploitation (KEV), but it raises the risk: patch with priority.

Affected technologies (1)

⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.

Judge0 — Judge0AI

CWEs

References

Show 6 references

Raw JSON (NVD)

Show
{
  "id": "CVE-2024-28185",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2024-28185",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "yes"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2024-04-23T18:57:08.693509Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "CHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 10,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "judge0",
          "product": "judge0",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "<= 1.13.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:a:judge0:judge0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "vendor": "judge0",
          "product": "judge0",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "1.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2024-04-18T15:15:29.283",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/blob/v1.13.0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb#L197-L201",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/commit/846d5839026161bb299b7a35fd3b2afb107992fc",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g2-45c8-89cf",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/blob/v1.13.0/app/jobs/isolate_job.rb#L197-L201",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/commit/846d5839026161bb299b7a35fd3b2afb107992fc",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/judge0/judge0/security/advisories/GHSA-h9g2-45c8-89cf",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-59"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-61"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Judge0 is an open-source online code execution system. The application does not account for symlinks placed inside the sandbox directory, which can be leveraged by an attacker to write to arbitrary files and gain code execution outside of the sandbox. When executing a submission, Judge0 writes a `run_script` to the sandbox directory. The security issue is that an attacker can create a symbolic link (symlink) at the path `run_script` before this code is executed, resulting in the `f.write` writing to an arbitrary file on the unsandboxed system. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to overwrite scripts on the system and gain code execution outside of the sandbox.\n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Judge0 es un sistema de ejecución de código en línea de código abierto. La aplicación no tiene en cuenta los enlaces simbólicos colocados dentro del directorio de la zona de pruebas, que un atacante puede aprovechar para escribir en archivos arbitrarios y obtener la ejecución de código fuera de la zona de pruebas. Al ejecutar un envío, Judge0 escribe un `run_script` en el directorio sandbox. El problema de seguridad es que un atacante puede crear un enlace simbólico (enlace simbólico) en la ruta `run_script` antes de que se ejecute este código, lo que da como resultado que `f.write` escriba en un archivo arbitrario en el sistema sin espacio aislado. Un atacante puede aprovechar esta vulnerabilidad para sobrescribir scripts en el sistema y obtener la ejecución del código fuera del entorno limitado."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T07:21:09.860",
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com"
}