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CVE-2023-53368

Estado: ModificadaMedia (4.7)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap

It is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping cpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:

To fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on the target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be avoided.

Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original
Warning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:
	if (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))

  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142
	rb_commit+0x402/0x4a0
  Call Trace:
   ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250
   trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250
   trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440
   trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150
   trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0
   __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80
   __schedule+0x72b/0x1580
   schedule+0x92/0x120
   worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0

  Write on CPU 0             Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1
  --------                   --------
                             tracing_snapshot_write()
                               [...]

  ring_buffer_lock_reserve()
    cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find 'cpu_buffer_a';
    [...]
    rb_reserve_next_event()
      [...]

                               ring_buffer_swap_cpu()
                                 if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing))
                                     goto out_dec;
                                 if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing))
                                     goto out_dec;
                                 buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;
                                 buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;
                                 // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.

      rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);
      if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer)
          != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to 'cpu_buffer->buffer'
        [...]           //    has not changed here.
        return NULL;
      }
                                 cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a;
                                 cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b;
                                 [...]

      // 4. Reserve event from 'cpu_buffer_a'.

  ring_buffer_unlock_commit()
    [...]
    cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find 'cpu_buffer_b' !!!
    rb_commit(cpu_buffer)
      rb_end_commit()  // 6. WARN for the wrong 'committing' state !!!

Based on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:
  ``` bash
  #!/bin/bash

  dmesg -n 7
  sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1
  TR=/sys/kernel/tracing
  echo 7 > ${TR}/buffer_size_kb
  echo "sched:sched_switch" > ${TR}/set_event
  while [ true ]; do
          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
  done &
  while [ true ]; do
          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
  done &
  while [ true ]; do
          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot
  done &
  ```

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Linux — Linux Kernel

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar
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  "id": "CVE-2023-53368",
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          "options": [
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              "automatable": "no"
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              "technicalImpact": "partial"
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          "timestamp": "2026-01-14T18:46:08.777326Z"
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  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntracing: Fix race issue between cpu buffer write and swap\n\nWarning happened in rb_end_commit() at code:\n\tif (RB_WARN_ON(cpu_buffer, !local_read(&cpu_buffer->committing)))\n\n  WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 139 at kernel/trace/ring_buffer.c:3142\n\trb_commit+0x402/0x4a0\n  Call Trace:\n   ring_buffer_unlock_commit+0x42/0x250\n   trace_buffer_unlock_commit_regs+0x3b/0x250\n   trace_event_buffer_commit+0xe5/0x440\n   trace_event_buffer_reserve+0x11c/0x150\n   trace_event_raw_event_sched_switch+0x23c/0x2c0\n   __traceiter_sched_switch+0x59/0x80\n   __schedule+0x72b/0x1580\n   schedule+0x92/0x120\n   worker_thread+0xa0/0x6f0\n\nIt is because the race between writing event into cpu buffer and swapping\ncpu buffer through file per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot:\n\n  Write on CPU 0             Swap buffer by per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot on CPU 1\n  --------                   --------\n                             tracing_snapshot_write()\n                               [...]\n\n  ring_buffer_lock_reserve()\n    cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 1. Suppose find 'cpu_buffer_a';\n    [...]\n    rb_reserve_next_event()\n      [...]\n\n                               ring_buffer_swap_cpu()\n                                 if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_a->committing))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 if (local_read(&cpu_buffer_b->committing))\n                                     goto out_dec;\n                                 buffer_a->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_b;\n                                 buffer_b->buffers[cpu] = cpu_buffer_a;\n                                 // 2. cpu_buffer has swapped here.\n\n      rb_start_commit(cpu_buffer);\n      if (unlikely(READ_ONCE(cpu_buffer->buffer)\n          != buffer)) { // 3. This check passed due to 'cpu_buffer->buffer'\n        [...]           //    has not changed here.\n        return NULL;\n      }\n                                 cpu_buffer_b->buffer = buffer_a;\n                                 cpu_buffer_a->buffer = buffer_b;\n                                 [...]\n\n      // 4. Reserve event from 'cpu_buffer_a'.\n\n  ring_buffer_unlock_commit()\n    [...]\n    cpu_buffer = buffer->buffers[cpu]; // 5. Now find 'cpu_buffer_b' !!!\n    rb_commit(cpu_buffer)\n      rb_end_commit()  // 6. WARN for the wrong 'committing' state !!!\n\nBased on above analysis, we can easily reproduce by following testcase:\n  ``` bash\n  #!/bin/bash\n\n  dmesg -n 7\n  sysctl -w kernel.panic_on_warn=1\n  TR=/sys/kernel/tracing\n  echo 7 > ${TR}/buffer_size_kb\n  echo \"sched:sched_switch\" > ${TR}/set_event\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done &\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done &\n  while [ true ]; do\n          echo 1 > ${TR}/per_cpu/cpu0/snapshot\n  done &\n  ```\n\nTo fix it, IIUC, we can use smp_call_function_single() to do the swap on\nthe target cpu where the buffer is located, so that above race would be\navoided."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:45:07.260",
  "configurations": [
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}