CVE-2023-3938

Status: DeferredMedium (4.6)—

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') vulnerability in ZkTeco-based OEM devices allows an attacker to authenticate under any user from the device database.

This issue affects

ZkTeco-based OEM devices (ZkTeco ProFace X, Smartec ST-FR043, Smartec ST-FR041ME and possibly others) with the ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 and possibly others.

CVSS

Version: 3.1
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Base score: 4.6

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

Probability of exploitation in the next 30 days: 0.43%
Percentile among all scored CVEs: 35
Score date: 10/6/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (4)

⚠ AI-inferred from the description — NVD hasn't analyzed this CVE yet, these aren't verified CPEs.

Smartec — St-fr041me^AI Smartec — St-fr043^AI Zkteco — Proface X^AI Zkteco — Zam170-nf^AI

CWEs

CWE-89

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2023-3938",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2023-3938",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2024-05-21T15:02:22.205077Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "vulnerability@kaspersky.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 4.6,
          "attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 0.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "vulnerability@kaspersky.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "ZkTeco",
          "product": "ZkTeco-based OEM devices with firmware ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:h:zkteco:smartec_st_fr043:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "vendor": "zkteco",
          "product": "smartec_st_fr043",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:h:zkteco:smartec_st_fr041me:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "vendor": "zkteco",
          "product": "smartec_st_fr041me",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:2.3:h:zkteco:facedepot_7b:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"
          ],
          "vendor": "zkteco",
          "product": "facedepot_7b",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "custom",
              "lessThanOrEqual": "ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unknown"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2024-05-21T10:15:08.730",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/klsecservices/Advisories/blob/master/K-ZkTeco-2023-001.md",
      "source": "vulnerability@kaspersky.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/klsecservices/Advisories/blob/master/K-ZkTeco-2023-001.md",
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Deferred",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "vulnerability@kaspersky.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-89"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL\n Injection') vulnerability in ZkTeco-based OEM devices allows an \nattacker \n to authenticate under any user from the device database.\n\nThis issue affects \n\n\nZkTeco-based OEM devices (ZkTeco ProFace X, Smartec ST-FR043, Smartec \nST-FR041ME and possibly others) with the ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 \nand possibly others."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": " La neutralización incorrecta de elementos especiales utilizados en una vulnerabilidad de comando SQL (\"inyección SQL\") en dispositivos OEM basados en ZkTeco permite a un atacante autenticarse con cualquier usuario de la base de datos del dispositivo. Este problema afecta a los dispositivos OEM basados en ZkTeco (ZkTeco ProFace X, Smartec ST-FR043, Smartec ST-FR041ME y posiblemente otros) con ZAM170-NF-1.8.25-7354-Ver1.0.0 y posiblemente otros."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T06:15:22.883",
  "sourceIdentifier": "vulnerability@kaspersky.com"
}