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CVE-2023-28112

Status: ModifiedHigh (8.1)—

Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to version 3.1.0.beta3 of the `beta` and `tests-passed` branches, some user provided URLs were being passed to FastImage without SSRF protection. Insufficient protections could enable attackers to trigger outbound network connections from the Discourse server to private IP addresses. This affects any site running the `tests-passed` or `beta` branches versions 3.1.0.beta2 and prior. This issue is patched in version 3.1.0.beta3 of the `beta` and `tests-passed` branches. There are no known workarounds.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

Discourse — Discourse

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2023-28112",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2023-28112",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "partial"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-02-25T14:28:50.299435Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 5.9,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "LOW",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 4.2,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.6
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.1,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8
      }
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "affectedData": [
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          "vendor": "discourse",
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              "version": "beta < 3.1.0.beta3"
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              "version": "tests-passed < 3.1.0.beta3"
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  "published": "2023-03-17T19:15:11.507",
  "references": [
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      "url": "https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/39c2f63b35d90ebaf67b9604cf1d424e5984203c",
      "tags": [
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
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    {
      "url": "https://github.com/discourse/discourse/pull/20710",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/advisories/GHSA-9897-x229-55gh",
      "tags": [
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      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
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    {
      "url": "https://github.com/discourse/discourse/commit/39c2f63b35d90ebaf67b9604cf1d424e5984203c",
      "tags": [
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      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
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    {
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      "tags": [
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      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/discourse/discourse/security/advisories/GHSA-9897-x229-55gh",
      "tags": [
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-918"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Discourse is an open-source discussion platform. Prior to version 3.1.0.beta3 of the `beta` and `tests-passed` branches, some user provided URLs were being passed to FastImage without SSRF protection. Insufficient protections could enable attackers to trigger outbound network connections from the Discourse server to private IP addresses. This affects any site running the `tests-passed` or `beta` branches versions 3.1.0.beta2 and prior. This issue is patched in version 3.1.0.beta3 of the `beta` and `tests-passed` branches. There are no known workarounds."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T05:46:53.870",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
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              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "D3C08972-822D-4657-9B6F-02BC692B7C6E",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.1.0"
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              "matchCriteriaId": "F59F801F-E7B5-4F37-A2E8-6024AD6DD7B2",
              "versionEndIncluding": "3.1.0"
            },
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            },
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              "matchCriteriaId": "888B8ECF-EBE0-4821-82F6-B0026E95E407"
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          "operator": "OR"
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  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com"
}