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CVE-2021-45488

Status: ModifiedHigh (7.5)—

In NetBSD through 9.2, there is an information leak in the TCP ISN (ISS) generation algorithm.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

Netbsd — Netbsd

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2021-45488",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV2": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "2.0",
          "baseScore": 5,
          "accessVector": "NETWORK",
          "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N",
          "authentication": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "accessComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL"
        },
        "acInsufInfo": false,
        "impactScore": 2.9,
        "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
        "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
        "exploitabilityScore": 10,
        "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
        "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
        "userInteractionRequired": false
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "NONE",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 3.6,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "cve@mitre.org",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "n/a",
          "product": "n/a",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "n/a"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2021-12-25T02:15:06.803",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2021-001.txt.asc",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.09604.pdf",
      "tags": [
        "Technical Description",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "cve@mitre.org"
    },
    {
      "url": "http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/security/advisories/NetBSD-SA2021-001.txt.asc",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.09604.pdf",
      "tags": [
        "Technical Description",
        "Third Party Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-330"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "In NetBSD through 9.2, there is an information leak in the TCP ISN (ISS) generation algorithm."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "En NetBSD versiones hasta 9.2, se presenta un filtrado de información en el algoritmo de generación de TCP ISN (ISS)"
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T04:13:29.583",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:netbsd:netbsd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "C0992771-F022-4195-A4DF-4323FF07B04F",
              "versionEndIncluding": "9.2"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org"
}