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CVE-2021-1104

Status: ModifiedCritical (9.8)—

The RISC-V Instruction Set Manual contains a documented ambiguity for the Machine Trap Vector Base Address (MTVEC) register that may lead to a vulnerability due to the initial state of the register not being defined, potentially leading to information disclosure, data tampering and denial of service.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (1)

Risc-v — Instruction SET Manual

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2021-1104",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "cvssMetricV2": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "version": "2.0",
          "baseScore": 7.5,
          "accessVector": "NETWORK",
          "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P",
          "authentication": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL",
          "accessComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL",
          "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL"
        },
        "acInsufInfo": false,
        "impactScore": 6.4,
        "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
        "obtainAllPrivilege": false,
        "exploitabilityScore": 10,
        "obtainUserPrivilege": false,
        "obtainOtherPrivilege": false,
        "userInteractionRequired": false
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 9.8,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 3.9
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "psirt@nvidia.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "RISCV.org",
          "product": "Machine Trap Base Address (MTVEC) Register",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "All versions"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2021-08-13T16:15:07.153",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://riscv.org/news/2021/08/video-glitching-risc-v-chips-mtvec-corruption-for-hardening-isa-adam-zabrocki-and-alex-matrosov-def-con-29/",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "psirt@nvidia.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://riscv.org/news/2021/08/video-glitching-risc-v-chips-mtvec-corruption-for-hardening-isa-adam-zabrocki-and-alex-matrosov-def-con-29/",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Modified",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-908"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "The RISC-V Instruction Set Manual contains a documented ambiguity for the Machine Trap Vector Base Address (MTVEC) register that may lead to a vulnerability due to the initial state of the register not being defined, potentially leading to information disclosure, data tampering and denial of service."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "El manual del conjunto de instrucciones de RISC-V, contiene una ambigüedad documentada para el registro Machine Trap Vector Base Address (MTVEC), que puede conllevar a una vulnerabilidad debido a al estado inicial del registro no está definido, conllevando potencialmente a una divulgación de información, manipulación de datos y una denegación de servicio."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T03:30:58.070",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:risc-v:instruction_set_manual:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "6204F3BC-6E18-4322-9A3A-3E34FBA19D24"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
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  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "psirt@nvidia.com"
}