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CVE-2016-3157

Status: ModifiedHigh (7.8)—

The __switch_to function in arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c in the Linux kernel does not properly context-switch IOPL on 64-bit PV Xen guests, which allows local guest OS users to gain privileges, cause a denial of service (guest OS crash), or obtain sensitive information by leveraging I/O port access.

CVSS

Exploitation probability (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, FIRST) estimates how likely a vulnerability is to be exploited in the wild within 30 days. It complements CVSS (impact) and CISA KEV (confirmed exploitation).

Affected technologies (2)

Canonical — Ubuntu LinuxXEN — XEN

CWEs

References

Raw JSON (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2016-3157",
  "cveTags": [],
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          "accessVector": "LOCAL",
          "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C",
          "authentication": "NONE",
          "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE",
          "accessComplexity": "LOW",
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          "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE"
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        "acInsufInfo": false,
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          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
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  "published": "2016-04-12T16:59:02.423",
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          "value": "CWE-264"
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      "lang": "en",
      "value": "The __switch_to function in arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c in the Linux kernel does not properly context-switch IOPL on 64-bit PV Xen guests, which allows local guest OS users to gain privileges, cause a denial of service (guest OS crash), or obtain sensitive information by leveraging I/O port access."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "La función __switch_to en arch/x86/kernel/process_64.c en el kernel de Linux no sustituye correctamente el conmutador de contexto IOPL en invitados 64-bit PV Xen, lo que permite a usuarios locales del SO invitado obtener privilegios, provocar una denegación de servicio (caída del SO invitado), u obtener información sensible aprovechando el puerto de acceso I/O."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T00:45:12.270",
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}