CVE-2026-46113
Estado: En análisisAlta (8.8)—
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN
The shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp->gfn plus the SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest page tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit aad885e77496, "KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even when creating an MMIO SPTE", 2026-03-27). The flow is as follows:
- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.
The underlying issue is that KVM's walking of shadow PTEs assumes that if a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the existing kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn.
Leer descripción completaMostrar menos
Because the only way for the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE... which shouldn't happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a guest write.
That bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM assumes that the GFN matches and walks into the "wrong" shadow page. However, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa ("KVM: MMU: Don't allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages") came along.
Fix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing SPTE. That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs the rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy.
Detalles técnicos trazas, registros y código del informe original
- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is accessed. KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages; the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because the guest's mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous). - the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area. KVM installs a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the "correct" GFN (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but that GFN is outside of the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range; therefore the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page is zapped. - the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped. However, rmap_remove() only looks at the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range established in step 1, and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3. - any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page. This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from MADV_DONTNEED).
CVSS
- Versión: 3.1
- Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
- Puntuación base: 8.8
Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)
- Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.17%
- Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 6
- Fecha de la puntuación: 6/10/2026
EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).
🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK
Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.
- Explotación
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalationprivilege escalation75 % - Impacto principal
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreterexecution70 %
Vulnerabilidad de uso después de liberación en el kernel de Linux (CWE-416) con acceso local requerido (AV:L, PR:L), afectando al MMU de KVM. Un atacante local puede provocar una desreferencia de memoria liberada mediante operaciones de rmap walk, logrando escalada de privilegios (S:C con C:H, I:H,
Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.
🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas
Tecnologías afectadas (1)
CWE
- CWE-416
Referencias
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06c19c967b845b63172601fe459667d973b7e6b7
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cb2af2ea66ad8ff195c156ea690f11216285bdf
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14d1e55dfd2cf4711bff164a6aaaddb783552134
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/488e386484ec8c0e558be6e156edf34ed9f4d5c8
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/738ec97b1855df6c08fe2369f798fa0b972e556b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9597963a8ca16259d194a1d9950d7bd22a10ab2f
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9d4ea13aa2b6400bb10ec64b370ba3dadcd22f0
JSON original (NVD)
Mostrar
{
"id": "CVE-2026-46113",
"cveTags": [],
"metrics": {
"cvssMetricV31": [
{
"type": "Secondary",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"cvssData": {
"scope": "CHANGED",
"version": "3.1",
"baseScore": 8.8,
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "LOW",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
},
"impactScore": 6,
"exploitabilityScore": 2
}
]
},
"affected": [
{
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
"affectedData": [
{
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"product": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "9597963a8ca16259d194a1d9950d7bd22a10ab2f",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "e9d4ea13aa2b6400bb10ec64b370ba3dadcd22f0",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "488e386484ec8c0e558be6e156edf34ed9f4d5c8",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "06c19c967b845b63172601fe459667d973b7e6b7",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "738ec97b1855df6c08fe2369f798fa0b972e556b",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "14d1e55dfd2cf4711bff164a6aaaddb783552134",
"versionType": "git"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "6aa8b732ca01c3d7a54e93f4d701b8aabbe60fb7",
"lessThan": "0cb2af2ea66ad8ff195c156ea690f11216285bdf",
"versionType": "git"
}
],
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
],
"defaultStatus": "unaffected"
},
{
"repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
"vendor": "Linux",
"product": "Linux",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.6.20"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "0",
"lessThan": "2.6.20",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "5.15.222",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.1.175",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.6.140",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.12.88",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "6.18.30",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.0.7",
"versionType": "semver",
"lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*"
},
{
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "7.1",
"versionType": "original_commit_for_fix",
"lessThanOrEqual": "*"
}
],
"programFiles": [
"arch/x86/kvm/mmu/mmu.c"
],
"defaultStatus": "affected"
}
]
}
],
"published": "2026-05-28T10:16:26.760",
"references": [
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/06c19c967b845b63172601fe459667d973b7e6b7",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0cb2af2ea66ad8ff195c156ea690f11216285bdf",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14d1e55dfd2cf4711bff164a6aaaddb783552134",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/488e386484ec8c0e558be6e156edf34ed9f4d5c8",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/738ec97b1855df6c08fe2369f798fa0b972e556b",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9597963a8ca16259d194a1d9950d7bd22a10ab2f",
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
},
{
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e9d4ea13aa2b6400bb10ec64b370ba3dadcd22f0",
"tags": [
"Patch"
],
"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}
],
"vulnStatus": "Undergoing Analysis",
"weaknesses": [
{
"type": "Primary",
"source": "nvd@nist.gov",
"description": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CWE-416"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: x86: Fix shadow paging use-after-free due to unexpected GFN\n\nThe shadow MMU computes GFNs for direct shadow pages using sp->gfn plus\nthe SPTE index. This assumption breaks for shadow paging if the guest\npage tables are modified between VM entries (similar to commit\naad885e77496, \"KVM: x86/mmu: Drop/zap existing present SPTE even\nwhen creating an MMIO SPTE\", 2026-03-27). The flow is as follows:\n\n- a PDE is installed for a 2MB mapping, and a page in that area is\n accessed. KVM creates a kvm_mmu_page consisting of 512 4KB pages;\n the kvm_mmu_page is marked by FNAME(fetch) as direct-mapped because\n the guest's mapping is a huge page (and thus contiguous).\n\n- the PDE mapping is changed from outside the guest.\n\n- the guest accesses another page in the same 2MB area. KVM installs\n a new leaf SPTE and rmap entry; the SPTE uses the \"correct\" GFN\n (i.e. based on the new mapping, as changed in the previous step) but\n that GFN is outside of the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range; therefore\n the rmap entry cannot be found and removed when the kvm_mmu_page\n is zapped.\n\n- the memslot that covers the first 2MB mapping is deleted, and the\n kvm_mmu_page for the now-invalid GPA is zapped. However, rmap_remove()\n only looks at the [sp->gfn, sp->gfn + 511] range established in step 1,\n and fails to find the rmap entry that was recorded by step 3.\n\n- any operation that causes an rmap walk for the same page accessed\n by step 3 then walks a stale rmap and dereferences a freed kvm_mmu_page.\n This includes dirty logging or MMU notifier invalidations (e.g., from\n MADV_DONTNEED).\n\nThe underlying issue is that KVM's walking of shadow PTEs assumes that\nif a SPTE is present when KVM wants to install a non-leaf SPTE, then the\nexisting kvm_mmu_page must be for the correct gfn. Because the only way\nfor the gfn to be wrong is if KVM messed up and failed to zap a SPTE...\nwhich shouldn't happen, but *actually* only happens in response to a\nguest write.\n\nThat bug dates back literally forever, as even the first version of KVM\nassumes that the GFN matches and walks into the \"wrong\" shadow page.\nHowever, that was only an imprecision until 2032a93d66fa (\"KVM: MMU:\nDon't allocate gfns page for direct mmu pages\") came along.\n\nFix it by checking for a target gfn mismatch and zapping the existing\nSPTE. That way the old SP and rmap entries are gone, KVM installs\nthe rmap in the right location, and everyone is happy."
}
],
"lastModified": "2026-10-03T11:17:34.580",
"configurations": [
{
"nodes": [
{
"negate": false,
"cpeMatch": [
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "5B75FF6F-9513-497E-AA93-76239829E64C",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.1.175",
"versionStartIncluding": "2.6.20"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "A1A92866-F406-43B5-B2D1-CFC274753E9D",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.6.140",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.2"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "5AFBE0EC-CCDF-4207-AE92-ABF958125CA4",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.12.88",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.7"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "BF39AE08-AE6D-4410-8FBE-76F6BF5BF55B",
"versionEndExcluding": "6.18.30",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.13"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "D0893CA7-9AE6-4DFE-AC75-48967D73AD8E",
"versionEndExcluding": "7.0.7",
"versionStartIncluding": "6.19"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "B1EF7059-E670-45F4-B422-54C40FA86390"
},
{
"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*",
"vulnerable": true,
"matchCriteriaId": "0D38F0BF-A728-4133-A358-D44A2F7EE6D6"
}
],
"operator": "OR"
}
]
}
],
"sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"
}