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CVE-2026-45944

Estado: ModificadaAlta (7.5)—

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

iommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry

When tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the entire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window where the hardware can fetch a "torn" entry — where some fields are already zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to unpredictable behavior or spurious faults.

While x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes to the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler reordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with respect to multiple CPU writes.

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Align with the "Guidance to Software for Invalidations" in the VT-d spec (Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake:

1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software. 2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU. 3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure hardware no longer has cached references to the entry. 4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete.

Also, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry is fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

Vuln. local (AV:L) sin interacción (UI:N) permite a atacante privilegiado (PR:H) corromper estructura de contexto IOMMU, causando fallos impredecibles o DoS de memoria, y posible corrupción de datos DMA.

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Threat Intelligence ProgramRestrict File and Directory PermissionsRemote Data StorageFilter Network TrafficExecution PreventionEncrypt Sensitive Information

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Linux — Linux Kernel

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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      "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/vt-d: Clear Present bit before tearing down context entry\n\nWhen tearing down a context entry, the current implementation zeros the\nentire 128-bit entry using multiple 64-bit writes. This creates a window\nwhere the hardware can fetch a \"torn\" entry — where some fields are\nalready zeroed while the 'Present' bit is still set — leading to\nunpredictable behavior or spurious faults.\n\nWhile x86 provides strong write ordering, the compiler may reorder writes\nto the two 64-bit halves of the context entry. Even without compiler\nreordering, the hardware fetch is not guaranteed to be atomic with\nrespect to multiple CPU writes.\n\nAlign with the \"Guidance to Software for Invalidations\" in the VT-d spec\n(Section 6.5.3.3) by implementing the recommended ownership handshake:\n\n1. Clear only the 'Present' (P) bit of the context entry first to\n   signal the transition of ownership from hardware to software.\n2. Use dma_wmb() to ensure the cleared bit is visible to the IOMMU.\n3. Perform the required cache and context-cache invalidation to ensure\n   hardware no longer has cached references to the entry.\n4. Fully zero out the entry only after the invalidation is complete.\n\nAlso, add a dma_wmb() to context_set_present() to ensure the entry\nis fully initialized before the 'Present' bit becomes visible."
    }
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  "lastModified": "2026-07-24T15:17:21.957",
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