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CVE-2026-23988

Estado: AnalizadaAlta (7)—

Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA.

CVSS

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

Vulnerabilidad TOCTOU local (AV:L, PR:L) en archivo TEMP sin bloqueo. Atacante reemplaza script PowerShell entre escritura y ejecución, logrando ejecución de comandos con privilegios Administrator (escalada de privilegios local).

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

Execution PreventionPrivileged Account ManagementAuditUpdate SoftwareUser Account ManagementThreat Intelligence Program

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Akeo — Rufus

CWE

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

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{
  "id": "CVE-2026-23988",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2026-23988",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "poc"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2026-01-23T20:13:16.085068Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7.3,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1.3
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 7,
          "attackVector": "LOCAL",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "NONE",
          "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 1
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "pbatard",
          "product": "rufus",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "< 4.12_BETA"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2026-01-22T22:16:21.193",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/commit/460cc5768aa45be07941b9e4ebc9bee02d282873",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/tag/v4.12_BETA",
      "tags": [
        "Broken Link"
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/security/advisories/GHSA-hcx5-hrhj-xhq9",
      "tags": [
        "Exploit",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-367"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Rufus is a utility that helps format and create bootable USB flash drives. Versions 4.11 and below contain a race condition (TOCTOU) in src/net.c during the creation, validation, and execution of the Fido PowerShell script. Since Rufus runs with elevated privileges (Administrator) but writes the script to the %TEMP% directory (writeable by standard users) without locking the file, a local attacker can replace the legitimate script with a malicious one between the file write operation and the execution step. This allows arbitrary code execution with Administrator privileges. This issue has been fixed in version 4.12_BETA."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Rufus es una utilidad que ayuda a formatear y crear unidades flash USB de arranque. Las versiones 4.11 e inferiores contienen una condición de carrera (TOCTOU) en src/net.c durante la creación, validación y ejecución del script de PowerShell Fido. Dado que Rufus se ejecuta con privilegios elevados (Administrador) pero escribe el script en el directorio %TEMP% (escribible por usuarios estándar) sin bloquear el archivo, un atacante local puede reemplazar el script legítimo por uno malicioso entre la operación de escritura del archivo y el paso de ejecución. Esto permite la ejecución de código arbitrario con privilegios de Administrador. Este problema ha sido solucionado en la versión 4.12_BETA."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T10:22:24.153",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:akeo:rufus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "FFBED744-9C21-4139-98DB-E44AC10397E0",
              "versionEndExcluding": "4.12"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com"
}