CVE-2025-48936

Estado: AnalizadaAlta (8.8)—

Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker.

Leer descripción completaMostrar menos

If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2.

CVSS

Versión: 3.1
Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Puntuación base: 8.8

Probabilidad de explotación (EPSS)

Probabilidad de explotación en los próximos 30 días: 0.39%
Percentil entre todas las CVEs puntuadas: 31
Fecha de la puntuación: 6/10/2026

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System, de FIRST) estima la probabilidad de que una vulnerabilidad sea explotada en 30 días. Complementa a CVSS (impacto) y a CISA KEV (explotación confirmada).

🎯 Técnicas ATT&CK

Cómo se explota esta vulnerabilidad y qué consigue el atacante, en el lenguaje de MITRE ATT&CK.

ExplotaciónT1203 Exploitation for Client Executionexecution78 %
Impacto principalT1078.001 Default Accountsstealth · persistence · privilege escalation · initial access85 %
Impacto secundarioT1566.002 Spearphishing Linkinitial access72 %

UI:R (requiere clic del usuario en enlace malicioso en email) + manipulación de headers para inyectar dominio atacante. Impacto principal: acceso no autorizado a cuenta (T1078.001) tras capturar código de reset; secundario: phishing por email (T1566.002).

Inferido por nuestro agente de análisis a partir de la descripción oficial, el vector CVSS y la CWE, y comprobado por un supervisor. Puede contener errores.

🛡️ Mitigaciones ATT&CK que cubren estas técnicas

User Training User Account Management Restrict Web-Based Content Password Policies Multi-factor Authentication Audit

Tecnologías afectadas (1)

Zitadel — Zitadel

CWE

CWE-601
CWE-77

Referencias

JSON original (NVD)

Mostrar

{
  "id": "CVE-2025-48936",
  "cveTags": [],
  "metrics": {
    "ssvcV203": [
      {
        "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
        "ssvcData": {
          "id": "CVE-2025-48936",
          "role": "CISA Coordinator",
          "options": [
            {
              "exploitation": "none"
            },
            {
              "automatable": "no"
            },
            {
              "technicalImpact": "total"
            }
          ],
          "version": "2.0.3",
          "timestamp": "2025-05-30T13:06:39.523979Z"
        }
      }
    ],
    "cvssMetricV31": [
      {
        "type": "Secondary",
        "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.1,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.2,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8
      },
      {
        "type": "Primary",
        "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
        "cvssData": {
          "scope": "UNCHANGED",
          "version": "3.1",
          "baseScore": 8.8,
          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
          "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
          "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
          "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
          "userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
          "attackComplexity": "LOW",
          "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
          "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
          "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"
        },
        "impactScore": 5.9,
        "exploitabilityScore": 2.8
      }
    ]
  },
  "affected": [
    {
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "affectedData": [
        {
          "vendor": "zitadel",
          "product": "zitadel",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "< 2.70.12"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": ">= 2.71.0, <= 2.71.10"
            },
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": ">= 3.0.0-rc1, < 3.2.2"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "published": "2025-05-30T07:15:24.427",
  "references": [
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/commit/c097887bc5f680e12c998580fb56d98a15758f53",
      "tags": [
        "Patch"
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    },
    {
      "url": "https://github.com/zitadel/zitadel/security/advisories/GHSA-93m4-mfpg-c3xf",
      "tags": [
        "Patch",
        "Vendor Advisory"
      ],
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com"
    }
  ],
  "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
  "weaknesses": [
    {
      "type": "Secondary",
      "source": "security-advisories@github.com",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-601"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "type": "Primary",
      "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
      "description": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "CWE-77"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "descriptions": [
    {
      "lang": "en",
      "value": "Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Prior to versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2, a potential vulnerability exists in the password reset mechanism. ZITADEL utilizes the Forwarded or X-Forwarded-Host header from incoming requests to construct the URL for the password reset confirmation link. This link, containing a secret code, is then emailed to the user. If an attacker can manipulate these headers (e.g., via host header injection), they could cause ZITADEL to generate a password reset link pointing to a malicious domain controlled by the attacker. If the user clicks this manipulated link in the email, the secret reset code embedded in the URL can be captured by the attacker. This captured code could then be used to reset the user's password and gain unauthorized access to their account. This specific attack vector is mitigated for accounts that have Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Passwordless authentication enabled. This issue has been patched in versions 2.70.12, 2.71.10, and 3.2.2."
    },
    {
      "lang": "es",
      "value": "Zitadel es un software de infraestructura de identidad de código abierto. En versiones anteriores a las 2.70.12, 2.71.10 y 3.2.2, existía una posible vulnerabilidad en el mecanismo de restablecimiento de contraseña. ZITADEL utiliza el encabezado \"Forwarded\" o \"X-Forwarded-Host\" de las solicitudes entrantes para construir la URL del enlace de confirmación de restablecimiento de contraseña. Este enlace, que contiene un código secreto, se envía por correo electrónico al usuario. Si un atacante manipula estos encabezados (por ejemplo, mediante la inyección de un encabezado de host), podría generar un enlace de restablecimiento de contraseña que apunta a un dominio malicioso controlado por el atacante. Si el usuario hace clic en este enlace manipulado en el correo electrónico, el atacante puede capturar el código secreto de restablecimiento incrustado en la URL. Este código capturado podría utilizarse para restablecer la contraseña del usuario y obtener acceso no autorizado a su cuenta. Este vector de ataque específico se mitiga en cuentas con autenticación multifactor (MFA) o autenticación sin contraseña habilitada. Este problema se ha solucionado en las versiones 2.70.12, 2.71.10 y 3.2.2."
    }
  ],
  "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:30:30.837",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "negate": false,
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "85350F21-A7E3-4B1F-993F-B6B34B2E5E0F",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2.70.12",
              "versionStartIncluding": "2.0.0"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "9D49934C-0B58-4751-B4A3-0D44D34D2BE3",
              "versionEndExcluding": "2.71.11",
              "versionStartIncluding": "2.71.0"
            },
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:zitadel:zitadel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
              "vulnerable": true,
              "matchCriteriaId": "2DD58ABC-0593-4A47-AE00-C8885627A954",
              "versionEndExcluding": "3.2.2",
              "versionStartIncluding": "3.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "operator": "OR"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sourceIdentifier": "security-advisories@github.com"
}